Gavillon N, Vervaet H, Derniaux E, Terrosi P, Graesslin O, Quereux C
Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, institut Alix-de-Champagne, CHU de Reims, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims cedex, France.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2010 Mar;38(3):199-204. doi: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2010.01.003. Epub 2010 Feb 26.
More than 120 genotypes have been identified among the Papillomavirus (HPV) family. These viruses are ubiquitary with skin or mucous membrane tropism and cause various pathologies from wart to neoplasia. HPV family is classified according to their tropism. Genital HPV infection is considered as the most frequent sexually transmitted disease in the world. Seventy-five percent of women will be in contact with HPV at least one time in their life. HPV is usually transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact, more often during penetrative genital contact. Other types of genital contact in the absence of penetration can lead to HPV infection, but those routes of transmission are much less common than sexual intercourse. However, virgins (<2 % of cases) and young children can present HPV infection, suggesting other routes of transmission than sexual intercourse. HPV infection could occur during delivery; vaginal deliveries appear to promote this transmission in comparison with cesarean section. But cesarean section do not completely protect against contamination risk. In utero, vertical transmission has been suggested by different studies but with lack of evidence. HPV infection can be detected on inanimate objects, such as clothing or environmental surfaces. However, transmission is not known to occur by this route. More detailed knowledges of the transmission route of HPV infection will enable to get prevention more effective.
乳头瘤病毒（HPV）家族已鉴定出120多种基因型。这些病毒普遍存在，具有皮肤或黏膜嗜性，可引起从疣到肿瘤形成的各种病变。HPV家族根据其嗜性进行分类。生殖器HPV感染被认为是世界上最常见的性传播疾病。75%的女性一生中至少会接触一次HPV。HPV通常通过直接的皮肤接触传播，在有创性生殖器接触期间更为常见。在没有插入的情况下，其他类型的生殖器接触也可能导致HPV感染，但这些传播途径比性交少见得多。然而，处女（<2%的病例）和幼儿也可能出现HPV感染，这表明除了性交之外还有其他传播途径。HPV感染可能在分娩期间发生；与剖宫产相比，阴道分娩似乎更容易促进这种传播。但剖宫产并不能完全防止感染风险。在子宫内，不同的研究曾提出垂直传播，但缺乏证据。在无生命物体上，如衣物或环境表面，也能检测到HPV感染。然而，尚不清楚是否通过这种途径传播。对HPV感染传播途径的更详细了解将使预防措施更有效。
