School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, UK.
Behav Res Ther. 2010 Jun;48(6):476-85. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.02.001. Epub 2010 Feb 7.
The Elaborated Intrusion (EI) theory of desire posits that visual imagery plays a key role in craving. We report a series of experiments testing this hypothesis in a drug addiction context. Experiment 1 showed that a mental visual imagery task with neutral content reduced cigarette craving in abstaining smokers, but that an equivalent auditory task did not. The effect of visual imagery was replicated in Experiment 2, which also showed comparable effects of non-imagery visual working memory interference. Experiment 3 showed that the benefit of visual over auditory interference was not dependent upon imagery being used to induce craving. Experiment 4 compared a visuomotor task, making shapes from modeling clay, with a verbal task (counting back from 100), and again showed a benefit of the visual over the non-visual task. We conclude that visual imagery supports craving for cigarettes. Competing imagery or visual working memory tasks may help tackle craving in smokers trying to quit.
详细入侵（EI）理论认为，视觉意象在渴望中起着关键作用。我们报告了一系列实验，在药物成瘾背景下测试了这一假设。实验 1 表明，一项具有中性内容的心理视觉意象任务减少了戒烟者对香烟的渴望，但等效的听觉任务则没有。视觉意象的效果在实验 2 中得到了复制，该实验还显示了非意象视觉工作记忆干扰的类似效果。实验 3 表明，视觉干扰优于听觉干扰的效果并不依赖于使用意象来诱发渴望。实验 4 比较了一项视觉运动任务，即用塑形粘土制作形状，以及一项口头任务（从 100 倒数），结果再次显示出视觉任务优于非视觉任务的优势。我们的结论是，视觉意象支持对香烟的渴望。竞争的意象或视觉工作记忆任务可能有助于解决试图戒烟的吸烟者的渴望问题。
