University of Nevada, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Mail Stop 186, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2010 Jul;60(7):990-7. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.02.003. Epub 2010 Mar 1.
This paper presents improvements to calculation methods used in the National Research Council's (NRC) Oil in the Sea reports from 2003 and 1985 to estimate land-based contributions of petroleum hydrocarbons to the sea from North America. Using procedures similar to the 2003 report, but with more robust methods for handling non-detections, estimated land-based contributions for 1977 and 2000 were over 50% lower than the best 1996 estimate in the NRC report. The largest loads were from the northeastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico region for both the 2003 report and updated calculations. Calculations involved many sources of uncertainty, including lack of available data, variable methods of measuring and reporting data, and variable methods of reporting values below detection limits. This updated analysis of land-based loads of petroleum hydrocarbons to the sea highlights the continued need for more monitoring and research on inputs, fates and effects of these sources.
本文针对 2003 年和 1985 年美国国家研究委员会（NRC）《海洋中的石油》报告中使用的计算方法进行了改进，以估算北美的陆地向海洋排放石油碳氢化合物的情况。本文采用与 2003 年报告相似的程序，但对非检测数据的处理方法更为可靠，结果表明，1977 年和 2000 年的陆地排放量比 NRC 报告中 1996 年的最佳估算值低 50%以上。对于 2003 年报告和更新后的计算，最大的排放量都来自美国东北部和墨西哥湾地区。计算涉及许多不确定性来源，包括缺乏可用数据、测量和报告数据的方法不同，以及报告低于检测限的值的方法不同。本文对陆地向海洋排放石油碳氢化合物的情况进行了更新分析，突出表明需要对这些来源的输入、归宿和影响进行更多的监测和研究。
