Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, 200 9th Street, SE, Vero Beach, Florida, USA.
J Exp Biol. 2010 Mar 15;213(6):946-54. doi: 10.1242/jeb.037564.
Vector-borne pathogens cause enormous suffering to humans and animals. Many are expanding their range into new areas. Dengue, West Nile and Chikungunya have recently caused substantial human epidemics. Arthropod-borne animal diseases like Bluetongue, Rift Valley fever and African horse sickness pose substantial threats to livestock economies around the world. Climate change can impact the vector-borne disease epidemiology. Changes in climate will influence arthropod vectors, their life cycles and life histories, resulting in changes in both vector and pathogen distribution and changes in the ability of arthropods to transmit pathogens. Climate can affect the way pathogens interact with both the arthropod vector and the human or animal host. Predicting and mitigating the effects of future changes in the environment like climate change on the complex arthropod-pathogen-host epidemiological cycle requires understanding of a variety of complex mechanisms from the molecular to the population level. Although there has been substantial progress on many fronts the challenges to effectively understand and mitigate the impact of potential changes in the environment on vector-borne pathogens are formidable and at an early stage of development. The challenges will be explored using several arthropod-borne pathogen systems as illustration, and potential avenues to meet the challenges will be presented.
虫媒病原体给人类和动物带来了巨大的痛苦。许多病原体的分布范围正在扩大到新的地区。登革热、西尼罗河热和基孔肯雅热最近在人类中引发了大规模流行。蓝舌病、裂谷热和非洲马瘟等节肢动物传播的动物疾病对世界各地的畜牧业经济构成了重大威胁。气候变化会影响虫媒病的流行病学。气候的变化将影响节肢动物媒介，以及它们的生命周期和生活史，从而导致媒介和病原体的分布发生变化，以及节肢动物传播病原体的能力发生变化。气候会影响病原体与节肢动物媒介和人类或动物宿主相互作用的方式。预测和减轻气候变化等未来环境变化对复杂的节肢动物-病原体-宿主流行病学周期的影响，需要从分子水平到种群水平理解各种复杂的机制。尽管在许多方面都取得了重大进展，但有效理解和减轻环境潜在变化对虫媒病原体影响的挑战仍然巨大，而且处于早期发展阶段。本文将使用几种虫媒病原体系统作为例证来探讨这些挑战，并提出应对这些挑战的潜在途径。
