Wobeser Gary, Campbell G Douglas, Dallaire André, McBurney Scott
Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, Western/Northern Region, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Can Vet J. 2009 Dec;50(12):1251-6.
Information related to infection of wild rodents or lagomorphs in Canada by Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, other Yersinia spp., and Clostridium piliforme was searched for this study. Reports on tularemia in humans linked to these species came from diagnostic databases, literature, wildlife health specialists, and public health agencies. Tularemia has been diagnosed in 8 species of wild rodent and 2 species in the genus Lepus in Canada. Tularemia occurred in wild animals, or in humans associated with these species, in all jurisdictions except the Yukon and Nunavut. Tularemia was diagnosed most frequently in beaver, muskrats, and snowshoe hares, and although tularemia is closely linked to cottontail rabbits in the USA, it has not been reported in cottontails in Canada. Tularemia in humans was associated with muskrats and hares more commonly than with beaver. Plague was diagnosed in bushy-tailed woodrats in British Columbia in 1988. Based on surveys, Y. pestis may occur enzootically in southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. Infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica has been diagnosed in beaver, muskrats, and snowshoe hares in many provinces. Tyzzer's disease has been diagnosed in muskrats in British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Quebec and in snowshoe hares in Ontario. Infection with these bacteria is likely much more frequent than indicated by diagnostic records.
本研究检索了加拿大野生啮齿动物或兔形目动物感染土拉弗朗西斯菌、鼠疫耶尔森菌、其他耶尔森菌属细菌和毛样芽孢杆菌的相关信息。关于与这些物种相关的人类兔热病的报告来自诊断数据库、文献、野生动物健康专家和公共卫生机构。在加拿大，已在8种野生啮齿动物和兔属的2个物种中诊断出兔热病。除育空地区和努纳武特地区外，所有司法管辖区的野生动物或与这些物种相关的人类中均出现过兔热病。兔热病在海狸、麝鼠和雪兔中诊断最为频繁，尽管在美国兔热病与棉尾兔密切相关，但在加拿大的棉尾兔中尚未有报告。人类兔热病与麝鼠和野兔的关联比与海狸更为常见。1988年在不列颠哥伦比亚省的长尾林鼠中诊断出鼠疫。根据调查，鼠疫耶尔森菌可能在艾伯塔省南部、萨斯喀彻温省和不列颠哥伦比亚省呈地方性流行。在许多省份的海狸、麝鼠和雪兔中已诊断出感染假结核耶尔森菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌。在不列颠哥伦比亚省、萨斯喀彻温省、安大略省和魁北克省的麝鼠以及安大略省的雪兔中已诊断出泰泽氏病。这些细菌的感染可能比诊断记录显示的更为频繁。
