Expression of mouse IgA by transgenic mice, pigs and sheep.

The development of transgenic animal technology allows the introduction of desired traits into the germ line of mice and other animals. Since the production of antibody to various polysaccharide antigens can be protective against pathogenic bacteria, we generated transgenic mice, sheep and pigs carrying genes encoding the mouse alpha and kappa chains for antibodies against phosphorylcholine (PC) to determine whether transgene antibody might be used to influence susceptibility to disease. High serum levels of mouse IgA were detected in transgenic mice and pigs but not in transgenic sheep. It has been noted that transgene immunoglobulin expression can suppress endogenous immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and expression, and indeed, in one mouse line, expression of the transgene resulted in less than 10% of spleen B cells expressing endogenous IgM. Despite this suppression, significant levels of endogenous IgM were still secreted into the serum. Suppression of endogenous IgM expression was not seen in other mouse lines, nor was it seen in transgenic pigs. In the transgenic pigs, the mouse IgA was detected in the serum despite the absence of an intact mouse kappa transgene, so the secreted antibody presumably included pig light chains. Little if any of the mouse IgA in these sera showed binding specificity for PC. In one of the founder sheep, mouse IgA was detectable in peripheral lymphocytes but not in serum. Mouse kappa expression was not detected in the transgenic sheep harboring an intact kappa transgene. These results illustrate the potential of introducing beneficial traits such as germ-line-encoded immunity into large mammalian species.