Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building 6E08, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0456, USA.
Pediatrics. 2010 Apr;125(4):654-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-1962. Epub 2010 Mar 1.
Vaccine safety concerns can diminish parents' willingness to vaccinate their children. The objective of this study was to characterize the current prevalence of parental vaccine refusal and specific vaccine safety concerns and to determine whether such concerns were more common in specific population groups.
In January 2009, as part of a larger study of parents and nonparents, 2521 online surveys were sent to a nationally representative sample of parents of children who were aged </=17 years. The main outcome measures were parental opinions on vaccine safety and whether the parent had ever refused a vaccine that a doctor recommended for his or her child.
The response rate was 62%. Most parents agreed that vaccines protect their child(ren) from diseases; however, more than half of the respondents also expressed concerns regarding serious adverse effects. Overall, 11.5% of the parents had refused at least 1 recommended vaccine. Women were more likely to be concerned about serious adverse effects, to believe that some vaccines cause autism, and to have ever refused a vaccine for their child(ren). Hispanic parents were more likely than white or black parents to report that they generally follow their doctor's recommendations about vaccines for their children and less likely to have ever refused a vaccine. Hispanic parents were also more likely to be concerned about serious adverse effects of vaccines and to believe that some vaccines cause autism.
Although parents overwhelmingly share the belief that vaccines are a good way to protect their children from disease, these same parents express concerns regarding the potential adverse effects and especially seem to question the safety of newer vaccines. Although information is available to address many vaccine safety concerns, such information is not reaching many parents in an effective or convincing manner.
疫苗安全问题可能会降低父母为孩子接种疫苗的意愿。本研究的目的是描述当前父母拒绝接种疫苗的普遍程度和具体的疫苗安全问题，并确定这些问题是否在特定人群中更为普遍。
2009 年 1 月，作为对父母和非父母的一项更大研究的一部分，向一个年龄在 17 岁及以下的儿童的父母的全国代表性样本发送了 2521 份在线调查。主要结果测量是父母对疫苗安全性的看法，以及父母是否曾拒绝过医生为其孩子推荐的疫苗。
回复率为 62%。大多数父母都认为疫苗可以保护孩子免受疾病的侵害；然而，超过一半的受访者也对严重的不良反应表示担忧。总体而言，11.5%的父母至少拒绝了 1 种推荐的疫苗。女性更有可能担心严重的不良反应，更相信一些疫苗会导致自闭症，并曾拒绝为孩子接种疫苗。西班牙裔父母比白人或黑人父母更有可能报告说，他们通常会听从医生对孩子疫苗接种的建议，而不太可能拒绝为孩子接种疫苗。西班牙裔父母也更有可能担心疫苗的严重不良反应，并相信一些疫苗会导致自闭症。
尽管父母普遍认为疫苗是保护孩子免受疾病的好方法，但这些父母也对潜在的不良反应表示担忧，尤其是对新疫苗的安全性表示质疑。尽管有信息可以解决许多疫苗安全问题，但这些信息并没有以有效或令人信服的方式传达给许多父母。
