Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Mar;24(3):722-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d32c04.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between lower-body muscle structure and vertical jump performance. Twenty-five resistance-trained men (age, 23.3 +/- 3.2 years; height, 176.1 +/- 7.4 cm; and weight, 86.2 +/- 11.6 kg) took part in both anatomical and jump performance testing. Muscle fascicle thickness, fascicle length, and pennation angle were analyzed for the vastus lateralis (VL) and the lateral gastrocnemius (LG). Jump height and both relative and absolute power were measured for the squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and depth drop jump (DDJ). Regressions were used to determine if jump performance could be predicted using the aforementioned structures. No VL measurements were significantly correlated with any of the jump measures. Lateral gastrocnemius pennation angle was a significant but weak predictor of jump height for all 3 jump types (SJ: r2 = 0.212, p = 0.021; CMJ: r2 = 0.186, p = 0.018; DDJ: r2 = 0.263, p = 0.005). When comparing jump height at increasing preloads, none of the variables of interest could significantly predict the jump height differences between CMJ and SJ. However, LG fascicle length had a weak but significant inverse relationship with DDJ-CMJ (r2 = 0.152; p = 0.031). Lateral gastrocnemius thickness was the strongest predictor of absolute power for all jump types and between jump types (SJ: r2 = 0.181, p = 0.034; CMJ: r2 = 0.201, p = 0.014; DDJ: r2 = 0.122, p = 0.049; CMJ-SJ: r2 = 0.201, p = 0.014; DDJ-CMJ: r2 = 0.146, p = 0.034). Lateral gastrocnemius pennation angle was also the best predictor of relative power for all 3 jump types and between jump types (SJ: r2 = 0.172, p = 0.038; CMJ: r2 = 0.416, p = 0.000; DDJ: r2 = 0.167, p = 0.024; CMJ-SJ: r2 = 0.391, p = 0.000; DDJ-CMJ: r2 = 0.136, p = 0.039). Results for jump performance differ from those previously found for sprinting in that greater pennation and shorter fascicles, positively predicting jumping ability at increased prestretch loads reinforcing the need for training specificity. Our findings in resistance-trained men indicate that where jumping is vital to athletic success one can benefit from developing LG muscle architecture along with addressing eccentric strength.
本研究旨在探讨下半身肌肉结构与垂直跳跃表现之间的关系。25 名接受过抗阻训练的男性（年龄 23.3 ± 3.2 岁；身高 176.1 ± 7.4cm；体重 86.2 ± 11.6kg）同时参加了解剖学和跳跃表现测试。分析了外侧股四头肌（VL）和外侧腓肠肌（LG）的肌纤维束厚度、肌纤维束长度和羽状角。测量了深蹲跳（SJ）、反向跳（CMJ）和深度下落跳（DDJ）的跳跃高度以及相对和绝对功率。回归分析用于确定这些结构是否可以预测跳跃表现。VL 的测量值与任何跳跃测量值均无显著相关性。外侧腓肠肌羽状角是所有 3 种跳跃类型（SJ：r2 = 0.212，p = 0.021；CMJ：r2 = 0.186，p = 0.018；DDJ：r2 = 0.263，p = 0.005）的跳跃高度的显著但较弱的预测因子。当比较在增加预拉伸下的跳跃高度时，所有感兴趣的变量都不能显著预测 CMJ 和 SJ 之间的跳跃高度差异。然而，LG 肌纤维束长度与 DDJ-CMJ 呈弱但显著的负相关（r2 = 0.152；p = 0.031）。外侧腓肠肌厚度是所有跳跃类型和跳跃类型之间绝对功率的最强预测因子（SJ：r2 = 0.181，p = 0.034；CMJ：r2 = 0.201，p = 0.014；DDJ：r2 = 0.122，p = 0.049；CMJ-SJ：r2 = 0.201，p = 0.014；DDJ-CMJ：r2 = 0.146，p = 0.034）。外侧腓肠肌羽状角也是所有 3 种跳跃类型和跳跃类型之间相对功率的最佳预测因子（SJ：r2 = 0.172，p = 0.038；CMJ：r2 = 0.416，p = 0.000；DDJ：r2 = 0.167，p = 0.024；CMJ-SJ：r2 = 0.391，p = 0.000；DDJ-CMJ：r2 = 0.136，p = 0.039）。与以前关于短跑的研究结果不同，跳跃表现的结果表明，更大的羽状角和更短的肌纤维束，在增加预拉伸负荷时，积极预测跳跃能力，这强化了训练特异性的必要性。我们在抗阻训练男性中的发现表明，在跳跃对运动成功至关重要的情况下，人们可以从发展 LG 肌肉结构中受益，同时解决离心力量问题。
