Research Unit Evaluation and analysis of factors influencing sport performance, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Oct;24(10):2670-6. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e2728f.
Our hypothesis was that the addition of an 8-week lower limb plyometric training program (hurdle and depth jumping) to normal in-season conditioning would enhance measures of competitive potential (peak power output [PP], jump force, jump height, and lower limb muscle volume) in junior soccer players. The subjects (23 men, age 19 ± 0.7 years, body mass 70.5 ± 4.7 kg, height 1.75 ± 0.06 m, body fat 14.7 ± 2.6%) were randomly assigned to a control (normal training) group (Gc; n = 11) and an experimental group (Gex, n = 12) that also performed biweekly plyometric training. A force-velocity ergometer test determined PP. Characteristics of the squat jump (SJ) and the countermovement jump (CMJ) (jump height, maximal force and velocity before take-off, and average power) were determined by force platform. Video-camera kinematic analyses over a 40-m sprint yielded running velocities for the first step (VS), the first 5 m (V5m) and between 35 and 40 m (Vmax). Leg muscle volume was estimated using a standard anthropometric kit. Gex showed gains relative to controls in PP (p < 0.01); SJ (height p < 0.01; velocity p < 0.001), CMJ (height p < 0.001; velocity p < 0.001, average power p < 0.01) and all sprint velocities (p < 0.001 for V5m and Vmax, p < 0.01 for VS). There was also a significant increase (p < 0.05) in thigh muscle volume, but leg muscle volume and mean thigh cross-sectional area remain unchanged. We conclude that biweekly plyometric training of junior soccer players (including adapted hurdle and depth jumps) improved important components of athletic performance relative to standard in-season training. Accordingly, such exercises are highly recommended as part of an annual soccer training program.
我们的假设是，在正常赛季训练中加入 8 周的下肢增强式训练计划（跨栏和深度跳跃）将提高青少年足球运动员的竞技潜力（峰值功率输出[PP]、跳跃力、跳跃高度和下肢肌肉量）。受试者（23 名男性，年龄 19±0.7 岁，体重 70.5±4.7kg，身高 1.75±0.06m，体脂 14.7±2.6%）被随机分配到对照组（正常训练）（Gc；n=11）和实验组（Gex，n=12），实验组还进行了两周一次的增强式训练。使用力量-速度测力计测试 PP。通过力量平台确定深蹲跳（SJ）和反向跳（CMJ）的特征（跳跃高度、起跳前最大力和速度、平均功率）。通过视频摄像机对 40 米冲刺进行运动学分析，得出第一步（VS）、前 5 米（V5m）和 35 至 40 米之间（Vmax）的跑动速度。使用标准人体测量套件估计腿部肌肉量。Gex 相对于对照组在 PP（p<0.01）；SJ（高度 p<0.01；速度 p<0.001），CMJ（高度 p<0.001；速度 p<0.001，平均功率 p<0.01）和所有冲刺速度（V5m 和 Vmax 的 p<0.001，VS 的 p<0.01）均有提高。股四头肌体积也显著增加（p<0.05），但腿肌体积和平均股横截面面积保持不变。我们得出结论，青少年足球运动员（包括适应性跨栏和深度跳跃）的两周一次的增强式训练相对于标准赛季训练提高了运动表现的重要组成部分。因此，作为足球年度训练计划的一部分，此类练习非常值得推荐。
