Andrews-Paulos Research and Education Institute, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Oct;42(10):1932-42. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d966d4.
The purpose of this study was to compare cruciate ligament forces between the forward lunge with a short step (forward lunge short) and the forward lunge with a long step (forward lunge long).
Eighteen subjects used their 12-repetition maximum weight while performing the forward lunge short and long with and without a stride. EMG, force, and kinematic variables were input into a biomechanical model using optimization, and cruciate ligament forces were calculated as a function of knee angle. A two-factor repeated-measure ANOVA was used with a Bonferroni adjustment (P < 0.0025) to assess differences in cruciate forces between lunging techniques.
Mean posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) forces (69-765 N range) were significantly greater (P < 0.001) in the forward lunge long compared with the forward lunge short between 0 degrees and 80 degrees knee flexion angles. Mean PCL forces (86-691 N range) were significantly greater (P < 0.001) without a stride compared with those with a stride between 0 degrees and 20 degrees knee flexion angles. Mean anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) forces were generated (0-50 N range between 0 degrees and 10 degrees knee flexion angles) only in the forward lunge short with stride.
All lunge variations appear appropriate and safe during ACL rehabilitation because of minimal ACL loading. ACL loading occurred only in the forward lunge short with stride. Clinicians should be cautious in prescribing forward lunge exercises during early phases of PCL rehabilitation, especially at higher knee flexion angles and during the forward lunge long, which generated the highest PCL forces. Understanding how varying lunging techniques affect cruciate ligament loading may help clinicians prescribe lunging exercises in a safe manner during ACL and PCL rehabilitation.
本研究旨在比较短步距前弓步（短步距前弓步）和大步距前弓步（大步距前弓步）的前交叉韧带受力。
18 名受试者使用 12 次重复最大重量进行短步距和大步距前弓步，以及有无跨步的动作。肌电图、力和运动学变量通过优化输入生物力学模型，计算出前交叉韧带力作为膝关节角度的函数。采用两因素重复测量方差分析（Bonferroni 调整，P < 0.0025）评估不同前弓步技术的前交叉韧带力差异。
在 0 度至 80 度膝关节屈曲角度范围内，与短步距前弓步相比，大步距前弓步的后交叉韧带（PCL）平均力（69-765 N 范围）显著增大（P < 0.001）。在 0 度至 20 度膝关节屈曲角度范围内，无跨步的 PCL 平均力（86-691 N 范围）显著大于有跨步的 PCL 平均力（P < 0.001）。在 0 度至 10 度膝关节屈曲角度范围内，仅在有跨步的短步距前弓步中产生了前交叉韧带（ACL）的平均力（0-50 N 范围）。
由于 ACL 负荷较小，所有前弓步变化在 ACL 康复期间似乎都是合适且安全的。只有在有跨步的短步距前弓步中才会发生 ACL 负荷。在 PCL 康复的早期阶段，尤其是在较高的膝关节屈曲角度和大步距前弓步时，临床医生应谨慎开处方进行前弓步练习，因为此时会产生最高的 PCL 力。了解不同前弓步技术如何影响前交叉韧带的受力情况，可能有助于临床医生在 ACL 和 PCL 康复期间以安全的方式开处方进行前弓步练习。
