Department of Chemical Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan.
J Plant Res. 2010 Mar;123(2):193-9. doi: 10.1007/s10265-009-0293-x.
The inheritance of mitochondria and plastids in angiosperms has been categorized into three modes:maternal, biparental and paternal. Many mechanisms have been proposed for maternal inheritance, including: (1) physical exclusion of the organelle itself during pollenmitosis I (PMI); (2) elimination of the organelle by formation of enucleated cytoplasmic bodies (ECB); (3) autophagic degradation of organelles during male gametophyte development; (4) digestion of the organelle after fertilization; and (5)--the most likely possibility--digestion of organellar DNA in generative cells just after PMI. In detailed cytological observations, the presence or absence of mitochondrial and plastid DNA in generative cells corresponds to biparental/paternal inheritance or maternal inheritance of the respective organelle examined genetically. These improved cytological observations demonstrate that the replication or digestion of organellar DNA in young generative cells just after PMI is a critical point determining the mode of cytoplasmic inheritance. This review describes the independent control mechanisms in mitochondria and plastids that lead to differences in cytoplasmic inheritance in angiosperms.
母系、双亲系和父系。对于母系遗传，已经提出了许多机制，包括：（1）在花粉有丝分裂 I（PMI）期间细胞器本身的物理排斥；（2）通过形成无核细胞质体（ECB）消除细胞器；（3）在雄性配子体发育过程中细胞器的自噬降解；（4）受精后细胞器的消化；以及（5）——最有可能的可能性——在 PMI 之后不久在生殖细胞中消化细胞器 DNA。在详细的细胞学观察中，生殖细胞中是否存在线粒体和质体 DNA 对应于所研究的细胞器的双亲系/父系遗传或母系遗传。这些改进的细胞学观察表明，PMI 后不久年轻生殖细胞中线粒体和质体 DNA 的复制或消化是决定细胞质遗传模式的关键点。本综述描述了导致被子植物细胞质遗传差异的线粒体和质体中的独立控制机制。
