Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Hydrobiology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Votanikos, Athens 11855, Greece.
Vet Parasitol. 2010 May 28;170(1-2):170-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.02.004. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
The role of horses in the transmission of parasitic zoonoses either as a source of infection to vectors or through contamination of definitive hosts is gaining importance worldwide. For this reason sera from 773 equids including 753 horses, 13 mules and seven ponies in four regions of Greece were investigated by ELISA for the presence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma, Leishmania, Echinococcus and Trichinella. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were detected in all regions with an overall prevalence of 1.8%. In contrast, antibodies to Leishmania, Echinococcus, and Trichinella were present only in horses from the equestrian centre located in Attica region, but the status of Trichinella could not be confirmed. The seroprevalence of infection was 0.3% for Leishmania, 0.1% for Echinococcus and 0.1% for Trichinella. Only one horse was positive with a mixed infection of Toxoplasma, Leishmania and Trichinella. The following host characteristics were investigated for any significant effects on the prevalence of Toxoplasma infection: gender, age, species, origin of birth, activity, and location. The type of activity (p<0.05) and location (p<0.01) of the animals were found to be significant risk factors for Toxoplasma infection. The relative risk (RR) for Toxoplasma infection comparing the regions of Peloponnese and Thessaly to Attica were 6.92 and 6.78, respectively. Due to the very low prevalence of Echinococcus, Leishmania, and Trichinella infections, the associated risk factors were not analysed. The low seroprevalences observed suggest that the risk of infection from equids to people is very low, especially when consumption of horse meat is uncommon in this country.
马在寄生虫病的传播中起着重要作用，无论是作为感染媒介的来源，还是通过终末宿主的污染。出于这个原因，对来自希腊四个地区的 773 匹（包括 753 匹马、13 匹骡子和 7 匹小马）的血清进行了酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA），以检测针对弓形虫、利什曼原虫、棘球蚴和旋毛虫的 IgG 抗体。在所有地区都检测到了抗弓形虫抗体，总流行率为 1.8%。相比之下，利什曼原虫、棘球蚴和旋毛虫抗体仅存在于位于阿提卡地区的马术中心的马中，但旋毛虫的状况无法得到证实。利什曼原虫感染的血清阳性率为 0.3%，棘球蚴为 0.1%，旋毛虫为 0.1%。只有一匹马同时感染了弓形虫、利什曼原虫和旋毛虫。调查了宿主的以下特征，以确定其对弓形虫感染流行率的任何显著影响：性别、年龄、物种、出生地、活动和位置。发现动物的活动类型（p<0.05）和位置（p<0.01）是弓形虫感染的重要危险因素。与 Peloponnese 和 Thessaly 地区相比，Attica 地区的弓形虫感染相对风险（RR）分别为 6.92 和 6.78。由于棘球蚴、利什曼原虫和旋毛虫感染的流行率非常低，因此未对相关危险因素进行分析。观察到的低血清阳性率表明，从马感染给人类的风险非常低，特别是在这个国家马肉消费不常见的情况下。
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