White B S, Roberts S L
Intensive Care Nurs. 1991 Mar;7(1):11-22. doi: 10.1016/0266-612x(91)90029-q.
In summary, the goal in managing HPPE is to recognise its occurrence and initiate appropriate treatment. While there may be a wide range of possible nursing diagnoses that have application to the HPPE patient, eight essential diagnoses were discussed and outcomes identified: impaired gas exchange; ineffective breathing pattern; ineffective airway clearance; cardiac output, alteration in; fluid volume deficit; infection, potential for; coping, ineffective individual: depression; and powerlessness.
总之，管理高海拔肺水肿（HPPE）的目标是识别其发生情况并启动适当的治疗。虽然可能有多种适用于HPPE患者的护理诊断，但本文讨论了八项基本诊断并确定了相应结果：气体交换受损；呼吸模式无效；气道清除无效；心输出量改变；液体量不足；潜在感染；应对无效：个体抑郁；以及无能为力。
