Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Apr 1;44(7):2348-53. doi: 10.1021/es903268j.
Single-particle characterization of summertime Arctic aerosols is useful to understand the impact of air pollutants on the polar atmosphere. In the present study, a quantitative single particle analytical technique, low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis, was used to characterize 8100 individual particles overall in 16 sets of aerosol samples collected at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Norway on 25-31 July, 2007. Based on their X-ray spectral and secondary electron image data of individual particles, 13 particle types were identified, in which particles of marine origin were the most abundant, followed by carbonaceous and mineral dust particles. A number of aged (reacted) sea salt (and mixture) particles produced by the atmospheric reaction of genuine sea-salts, especially with NO(x) or HNO(3), were significantly encountered in almost all the aerosol samples. They greatly outnumbered genuine sea salt particles, implying that the summertime Arctic atmosphere, generally regarded as a clean background environment, is disturbed by anthropogenic air pollutants. The main sources of airborne NO(x) (or HNO(3)) are probably ship emissions around the Arctic Ocean, industry emission from northern Europe and northwestern Siberia, and renoxification of NO(3)(-) within or on the melting snow/ice surface.
对夏季北极气溶胶进行单颗粒特征分析，有助于了解空气污染物对极地大气的影响。本研究采用低 Z 粒子电子探针 X 射线微分析定量单颗粒分析技术，对 2007 年 7 月 25 日至 31 日在挪威斯瓦尔巴德的 Ny-Ålesund 采集的 16 组气溶胶样品中的 8100 个单个颗粒进行了特征分析。根据单个颗粒的 X 射线能谱和二次电子图像数据，共鉴定出 13 种颗粒类型，其中海洋源颗粒最为丰富，其次是碳质颗粒和矿物尘颗粒。在几乎所有气溶胶样品中都明显遇到了大量经过大气反应生成的（反应）海盐（及其混合物）颗粒，特别是与 NO(x)或 HNO(3)反应生成的海盐颗粒。它们的数量大大超过了真正的海盐颗粒，这表明夏季北极大气，通常被认为是一个清洁的背景环境，受到人为空气污染物的干扰。空气中 NO(x)（或 HNO(3)）的主要来源可能是北冰洋周围的船舶排放、北欧和西北西伯利亚的工业排放以及融化的雪/冰表面内部或表面上的硝酸盐的再氧化。
