National Leading Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Jan 21;48(2):909-19. doi: 10.1021/es404622n. Epub 2013 Dec 24.
Aerosols have been associated with large uncertainties in estimates of the radiation budget and cloud formation processes in the Arctic. This paper reports the results of a study of in situ measurements of hygroscopicity, fraction of volatile species, mixing state, and off-line morphological and elemental analysis of Aitken and accumulation mode particles in the Arctic (Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard) in May and September 2012. The accumulation mode particles were more abundant in May than in September. This difference was due to more air mass flow from lower latitude continental areas, weaker vertical mixing, and less wet scavenging in May than in September, which may have led to a higher amount of long-range transport aerosols entering the Arctic in the spring. The Aitken mode particles observed intermittently in May were produced by nucleation, absent significant external mixing, whereas the accumulation mode particles displayed significant external mixing. The occurrence of an external mixing state was observed more often in May than in September and more often in accumulation mode particles than in Aitken mode particles, and it was associated more with continental air masses (Siberian) than with other air masses. The external mixing of the accumulation mode particles in May may have been caused by multiple sources (i.e., long-range transport aerosols with aging and marine aerosols). These groups of externally mixed particles were subdivided into different mixing structures (internal mixtures of predominantly sulfates and volatile organics without nonvolatile species and internal mixtures of sulfates and nonvolatile components, such as sea salts, minerals, and soot). The variations in the mixing states and chemical species of the Arctic aerosols in terms of their sizes, air masses, and seasons suggest that the continuous size-dependent measurements observed in this study are useful for obtaining better estimates of the effects of these aerosols on climate change.
气溶胶在估算北极地区辐射预算和云形成过程中存在较大不确定性。本研究报告了 2012 年 5 月和 9 月在北极（斯瓦尔巴群岛新奥尔松）进行的现场测量结果，这些测量包括对吸湿性、易挥发物种比例、混合状态以及爱根核模态和积聚模态粒子的离线形态和元素分析。5 月积聚模态粒子比 9 月更为丰富。这种差异是由于 5 月来自低纬度大陆地区的气团流量更大、垂直混合较弱、湿清除作用较小，这可能导致更多的长程传输气溶胶在春季进入北极。5 月间歇性观测到的爱根核模态粒子是由成核作用产生的，没有明显的外部混合，而积聚模态粒子则显示出明显的外部混合。5 月观察到的外部混合状态比 9 月更为常见，在积聚模态粒子中比在爱根核模态粒子中更为常见，并且与大陆气团（西伯利亚）的相关性比其他气团更强。5 月积聚模态粒子的外部混合可能是由多种来源（即老化的长程传输气溶胶和海洋气溶胶）引起的。这些外部混合粒子被细分为不同的混合结构（主要为硫酸盐和挥发性有机物的内部混合物，没有非挥发性物质，以及硫酸盐和非挥发性成分（如海盐、矿物质和烟尘）的内部混合物）。根据大小、气团和季节的不同，北极气溶胶的混合状态和化学物种的变化表明，本研究中观察到的连续依赖于大小的测量对于更好地估计这些气溶胶对气候变化的影响是有用的。
