Hu Tafeng, Lee Shuncheng, Cao Junji, Chow Judith C, Watson John G, Ho Kinfai, Ho Wingkei, Rong Bo, An Zhisheng
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Oct 1;407(20):5319-27. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.044. Epub 2009 Jul 28.
Daytime and nighttime total suspended particulate matters (TSP) were collected inside and outside Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Museum, the most popular on-site museum in China, in winter 2008. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of visitors to indoor airborne particles in two display halls with different architectural and ventilating conditions, including Exhibition Hall and Pit No.1. Morphological and elemental analyses of 7-day individual particle samples were performed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX). Particle mass concentrations in Exhibition Hall and Pit No.1 were in a range of 54.7-291.7 microg m(-3) and 95.3-285.4 microg m(-3) with maximum diameters of 17.5 microm and 26.0 microm, respectively. In most sampling days, daytime/nighttime particle mass ratios in Exhibition Hall (1.30-3.12) were higher than those in Pit No.1 (0.96-2.59), indicating more contribution of the tourist flow in Exhibition Hall than in Pit No. 1. The maximum of particle size distributions were in a range of 0.5-1.0 microm, with the highest abundance (43.4%) occurred in Exhibition Hall at night. The majority of airborne particles at the Museum was composed of soil dust, S-containing particles, and low-Z particles like soot aggregate and biogenic particles. Both size distributions and particle types were found to be associated with visitor numbers in Exhibition Hall and with natural ventilation in Pit No.1. No significant influence of visitors on indoor temperature and relative humidity (RH) was found in either display halls. Those baseline data on the nature of the airborne particles inside the Museum can be incorporated into the maintenance criteria, display management, and ventilation strategy by conservators of the museum.
2008年冬季，在中国最受欢迎的实地博物馆——秦始皇兵马俑博物馆内外，采集了白天和夜间的总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）。本研究的目的是调查游客对两个建筑和通风条件不同的展厅（包括展厅和一号坑）内空气传播颗粒的贡献。使用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X射线光谱仪（SEM-EDX）对7天的单个颗粒样本进行了形态和元素分析。展厅和一号坑中的颗粒质量浓度范围分别为54.7 - 291.7微克/立方米和95.3 - 285.4微克/立方米，最大直径分别为17.5微米和26.0微米。在大多数采样日，展厅的白天/夜间颗粒质量比（1.30 - 3.12）高于一号坑（0.96 - 2.59），这表明展厅内游客流量的贡献比一号坑更大。粒径分布的最大值在0.5 - 1.0微米范围内，其中最高丰度（43.4%）出现在展厅夜间。博物馆内的大多数空气传播颗粒由土壤灰尘、含硫颗粒以及烟灰聚集体和生物源颗粒等低Z值颗粒组成。发现粒径分布和颗粒类型均与展厅内的游客数量以及一号坑的自然通风有关。在两个展厅中均未发现游客对室内温度和相对湿度（RH）有显著影响。博物馆内空气传播颗粒性质的这些基线数据可被博物馆保护人员纳入维护标准、展示管理和通风策略中。
