Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2010 Mar;9(1):13-22. doi: 10.2174/187152710790966704.
Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist with established efficacy, albeit moderate, for the treatment of alcohol dependence. This manuscript provides a critical review of the literature on naltrexone as a pharmacotherapy for alcoholism by covering the following areas: (a) clinical findings from treatment studies; (b) pharmacokinetics and safety data; (c) medication compliance and persistence; and (d) neurobiological and biobehavioral mechanisms of action of naltrexone for the indication of alcohol dependence. This review will then focus on the emerging literature on naltrexone pharmacogenetics, which has the potential to identify responders on the basis of genetic variation and to use genetic tools to individualize the use of this medication. Limitations and future directions in the research and practice of naltrexone for alcoholism are also outlined.
纳曲酮是一种阿片受体拮抗剂，对于治疗酒精依赖症具有一定疗效，尽管其疗效中等。本文通过涵盖以下几个方面，对纳曲酮作为酒精中毒的药物治疗进行了文献综述：（a）治疗研究中的临床发现；（b）药代动力学和安全性数据；（c）药物依从性和持久性；以及（d）纳曲酮治疗酒精依赖的神经生物学和生物行为学作用机制。然后，本综述将重点关注纳曲酮药物遗传学的新兴文献，该文献有可能基于遗传变异来识别应答者，并利用遗传工具来个性化使用这种药物。本文还概述了酒精中毒纳曲酮研究和实践中的局限性和未来方向。
