SAA Treatment Center, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Feb;1187:208-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05151.x.
Here, we provide an overview of previous family studies of addiction and present a new family study based on clinical data for more than 19,000 individuals who have been treated for addiction in Iceland over the last three decades. Coupled with the extensive Icelandic genealogy information, this population-based sample provides a unique opportunity for family studies. The relative risk (RR) was determined for up to fifth-degree relatives of probands diagnosed with alcohol, cannabis, sedative, and amphetamine dependence. We observe highly significant RR values for all substances ranging from 2.27 for alcohol to 7.3 for amphetamine, for first-degree relatives, and RRs significantly above 1 for distant relations, where the effect of shared environmental factors is minimized. The magnitude of risk in psychostimulant dependence is particularly striking. These findings emphasize the role of genetics in the etiology of addiction and highlight the importance of substance-specific effects.
在这里，我们提供了先前成瘾家族研究的概述，并呈现了一项新的家族研究，该研究基于冰岛过去三十年中超过 19000 名接受成瘾治疗的临床数据。结合广泛的冰岛系谱信息，这个基于人群的样本为家族研究提供了独特的机会。相对风险 (RR) 是根据被诊断为酒精、大麻、镇静剂和苯丙胺依赖的患者的一级亲属确定的。我们观察到所有物质的相对风险值都非常显著，从酒精的 2.27 到苯丙胺的 7.3，对于一级亲属，以及对于远亲的 RR 值显著高于 1，在远亲中，共享环境因素的影响最小化。精神兴奋剂依赖的风险程度尤其引人注目。这些发现强调了遗传学在成瘾病因学中的作用，并突出了物质特异性效应的重要性。
