J Clin Pathol. 2010 Mar;63(3):194-8. doi: 10.1136/jcp.2009.068445.
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is now viewed as an effective treatment modality for a wide and varied number of diseases including both malignant and non-malignant haematological diseases, bone marrow failures, inherited immunodeficiencies and congenital metabolic disorders. This review will discuss the immunogenetic factors that play an influential role in the successful outcome of HSCT, most importantly the human leucocyte antigens (HLAs). Advances in HLA typing techniques enabling the definition of HLA types at the allele level have made it possible to investigate the impact of mismatching at individual HLA loci on HSCT outcome. Such studies have informed the strategy used for selection of both related and unrelated donors. This strategy, including the histocompatibility and immunogenetics laboratory testing required, is discussed in the context of published data, guidelines and recommendations.
造血干细胞移植（HSCT）现在被视为治疗多种疾病的有效方法，包括恶性和非恶性血液病、骨髓衰竭、遗传性免疫缺陷和先天性代谢紊乱。本文将讨论在 HSCT 成功中起重要作用的免疫遗传因素，其中最重要的是人类白细胞抗原（HLA）。HLA 分型技术的进步使得在等位基因水平上定义 HLA 类型成为可能，从而可以研究单个 HLA 基因座不匹配对 HSCT 结果的影响。这些研究为选择相关和无关供体提供了依据。本文将结合已发表的数据、指南和建议讨论这种策略，包括所需的组织相容性和免疫遗传学实验室检测。
