Wells Dominic J
Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1OTU, UK.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2010(199):213-26. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-10324-7_9.
This chapter reviews the use of genetically modified animals and the increasingly detailed knowledge of the genomes of the domestic species. The different approaches to genetic modification are outlined as are the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques in different species. Genetically modified mice have been fundamental in understanding gene function and in generating affordable models of human disease although these are not without their drawbacks. Transgenic farm animals have been developed for nutritionally enhanced food, disease resistance and xenografting. Transgenic rabbits, goats, sheep and cows have been developed as living bioreactors producing potentially high value biopharmaceuticals, commonly referred to as "pharming". Domestic animals are also important as a target as well as for testing genetic-based therapies for both inherited and acquired disease. This latter field may be the most important of all, in the future development of novel therapies.
本章回顾了转基因动物的应用以及对家畜基因组日益详尽的了解。文中概述了不同的基因改造方法以及这些技术在不同物种中的优缺点。转基因小鼠在理解基因功能和建立经济实惠的人类疾病模型方面发挥了重要作用，尽管这些模型也存在一些缺点。转基因农场动物已被培育用于生产营养强化食品、抗病和异种移植。转基因兔、山羊、绵羊和奶牛已被培育成为生产具有潜在高价值生物制药的活体生物反应器，通常称为“家畜制药”。家畜作为遗传性和后天性疾病基于基因的治疗靶点以及测试对象也很重要。在新型疗法的未来发展中,后一个领域可能是最为重要的。
