Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Anim Biotechnol. 2009;20(4):216-30. doi: 10.1080/10495390903196380.
The use of viral vectors is a method for introducing foreign genes into various animal species. Vectors based on retro-, adeno-, flavi-, and parvoviruses have been used for research in animal species of agricultural importance, such as chickens, quail, swine, cows, goats, sheep, fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. Viral vectors allow for efficient transgenic integration into host genome or for transient expression of the transgenic construct in somatic tissues. Because of that, viral vectors are important tools for research and potentially other biotechnology applications such as improving animal production qualities and introducing disease resistance, thus improving food quality and safety. Other uses may include generating animal models of human diseases and using animals as bioreactors for production of therapeutic proteins. Each vector type provides a unique set of advantages and limitations, which are in some cases specific to an animal species or a method of introduction. This article discusses viral vector characteristics and potential applications in agriculturally important animal species. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of using viral vectors in genetic engineering of agricultural animals.
病毒载体的使用是将外源基因导入各种动物物种的一种方法。基于逆转录病毒、腺病毒、黄病毒和细小病毒的载体已被用于研究农业重要动物物种，如鸡、鹌鹑、猪、牛、山羊、绵羊、鱼、甲壳类动物和软体动物。病毒载体允许高效地将转基因整合到宿主基因组中，或者在体细胞组织中瞬时表达转基因构建体。因此，病毒载体是研究和潜在其他生物技术应用的重要工具，例如提高动物生产质量和引入抗病性，从而提高食品质量和安全性。其他用途可能包括生成人类疾病的动物模型以及将动物用作生产治疗性蛋白的生物反应器。每种载体类型都提供了一组独特的优势和局限性，在某些情况下，这些优势和局限性特定于一种动物物种或一种导入方法。本文讨论了病毒载体在农业重要动物物种中的特性和潜在应用。它讨论了在农业动物的基因工程中使用病毒载体的优缺点。
