Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Psychol Health. 2009 Nov;24(9):1085-104. doi: 10.1080/08870440802239192.
Role of 'Big Five' personality traits as predictors of smoking and moderators of the intention-smoking relationship was tested. Five hundred and fifty-three adolescents (aged 11-12) completed measures of self-reported past smoking, gender, intentions to smoke, perceived behavioural control, family smoking, friends smoking at times 1 and 2 (6 months apart). At time 3, 2 years later, the same adolescents completed measures of the Big Five and self-reported smoking (a subset of 300 also provided an objective smoking measure). At time 4, two years after time 3, a sub-sample of 122 adolescents provided a self-report measure of recent smoking. Simple correlations indicated significant direct effects of conscientiousness (self-reported smoking, times 3 and 4), extraversion (time 4 smoking) and neuroticism (all smoking measures) on smoking. Logistic regression showed intention, and the interaction between conscientiousness and intention to significantly predict both self-reported and objectively assessed smoking (both at time 3) after controlling for other variables. Multiple regression showed intentions, family smoking and the interaction between conscientiousness and intention to significantly predict self-reported smoking at time 4 after controlling for other variables. The findings indicate that the impact of personality variables on smoking is through mediated (through cognitions) and moderated (conscientiousness by intention interaction) pathways.
研究了“五大”人格特质作为吸烟预测因子的作用，以及它们对意图吸烟关系的调节作用。553 名青少年（年龄在 11-12 岁）在第 1 次和第 2 次（相隔 6 个月）测量了自我报告的过去吸烟、性别、吸烟意图、感知行为控制、家庭吸烟、朋友吸烟。2 年后的第 3 次测量时，同样的青少年完成了“五大”人格特质和自我报告吸烟的测量（其中 300 人还提供了客观吸烟测量）。2 年后的第 4 次测量时，122 名青少年的一个子样本提供了最近吸烟的自我报告测量。简单相关表明，尽责性（自我报告吸烟，第 3 次和第 4 次）、外向性（第 4 次吸烟）和神经质（所有吸烟测量）对吸烟有显著的直接影响。逻辑回归显示，在控制其他变量后，意图以及尽责性与意图的交互作用显著预测了自我报告和客观评估的吸烟（均在第 3 次测量时）。多元回归显示，在控制其他变量后，意图、家庭吸烟以及尽责性与意图的交互作用显著预测了第 4 次自我报告吸烟。研究结果表明，人格变量对吸烟的影响是通过中介（通过认知）和调节（尽责性与意图的交互作用）途径实现的。
