School of Psychology, Keele University, Keele, UK.
Psychol Health. 2009 Nov;24(9):1105-23. doi: 10.1080/08870440802245306.
The current study explored associations between previous physical activity and both implicit and explicit attitudes, as well as visual attention and activity motivation (intention). Analyses were performed on participants initially unaware of the physical activity focus of the study (N = 98). Higher levels of physical activity were associated with positive implicit attitudes and an attentional bias towards exercise cues. There was a quadratic ('U' shaped) relationship between implicit attitude and attention: the more extreme individuals' implicit attitudes towards exercise (positive or negative) the greater their attentional bias to exercise cues. Furthermore, explicit attitude moderated the relationship between attentional bias and physical activity: attentional bias to exercise cues was associated with higher levels of physical activity only for those who had a strong positive explicit attitude. Findings suggested that implicit cognitions are linked with previous physical activity. Future research should consider strategies for strengthening positive implicit and explicit attitudes and directing attention to cues signalling healthy behaviour.
本研究探讨了先前的体育活动与内隐和外显态度以及视觉注意力和活动动机（意图）之间的关系。分析对象为最初不知道研究重点是体育活动的参与者（N=98）。更高水平的体育活动与积极的内隐态度以及对运动线索的注意力偏向有关。内隐态度和注意力之间存在二次关系（“U”形关系）：个体对运动的内隐态度越极端（积极或消极），他们对运动线索的注意力偏向越大。此外，外显态度调节了注意力偏向与体育活动之间的关系：只有那些外显态度非常积极的人，对运动线索的注意力偏向才与更高水平的体育活动相关。研究结果表明，内隐认知与以往的体育活动有关。未来的研究应考虑强化积极的内隐和外显态度以及将注意力引导至表示健康行为的线索的策略。
