Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria del Gobierno de Aragón (CITA), Montañana, 930 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Mar 5;10:46. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-46.
The role of wildlife as a brucellosis reservoir for humans and domestic livestock remains to be properly established. The aim of this work was to determine the aetiology, apparent prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors for brucellosis transmission in several Iberian wild ungulates.
A multi-species indirect immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using Brucella S-LPS antigen was developed. In several regions having brucellosis in livestock, individual serum samples were taken between 1999 and 2009 from 2,579 wild bovids, 6,448 wild cervids and4,454 Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), and tested to assess brucellosis apparent prevalence. Strains isolated from wild boar were characterized to identify the presence of markers shared with the strains isolated from domestic pigs.
Mean apparent prevalence below 0.5% was identified in chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), and red deer (Cervus elaphus). Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), mouflon (Ovis aries) and Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) tested were seronegative. Only one red deer and one Iberian wild goat resulted positive in culture, isolating B. abortus biovar 1 and B. melitensis biovar 1, respectively. Apparent prevalence in wild boar ranged from 25% to 46% in the different regions studied, with the highest figures detected in South-Central Spain. The probability of wild boar being positive in the iELISA was also affected by age, age-by-sex interaction, sampling month, and the density of outdoor domestic pigs. A total of 104 bacterial isolates were obtained from wild boar, being all identified as B. suis biovar 2. DNA polymorphisms were similar to those found in domestic pigs.
In conclusion, brucellosis in wild boar is widespread in the Iberian Peninsula, thus representing an important threat for domestic pigs. By contrast, wild ruminants were not identified as a significant brucellosis reservoir for livestock.
野生动物作为人类和家畜布鲁氏菌病的储存宿主的作用仍有待确定。本研究的目的是确定几种伊比利亚野生有蹄类动物中布鲁氏菌病传播的病因、明显流行率、空间分布和危险因素。
使用布鲁氏菌 S-LPS 抗原开发了一种多物种间接酶联免疫吸附试验（iELISA）。在多个存在家畜布鲁氏菌病的地区，1999 年至 2009 年期间，从 2579 只野生牛科动物、6448 只野生鹿科动物和 4454 只欧亚野猪（Sus scrofa）中采集了个体血清样本，并进行了测试，以评估布鲁氏菌病的明显流行率。从野猪中分离出的菌株被特征化，以确定与从家猪中分离出的菌株共享的标记的存在。
在岩羚羊（Rupicapra pyrenaica）、伊比利亚野山羊（Capra pyrenaica）和马鹿（Cervus elaphus）中，确定的平均流行率低于 0.5%。狍（Capreolus capreolus）、黇鹿（Dama dama）、摩弗伦羊（Ovis aries）和巴巴里绵羊（Ammotragus lervia）均为血清阴性。仅在一头马鹿和一头伊比利亚野山羊中培养出布鲁氏菌，分别分离出布鲁氏菌流产亚种 1 和布鲁氏菌梅里特亚种 1。在不同研究地区，野猪的流行率从 25%到 46%不等，在西班牙中南部地区检测到的流行率最高。iELISA 中野猪阳性的概率也受到年龄、年龄与性别相互作用、采样月份以及户外家猪密度的影响。从野猪中获得了总共 104 个细菌分离株，均鉴定为 2 型猪布鲁氏菌。DNA 多态性与在家猪中发现的多态性相似。
总之，伊比利亚半岛野猪布鲁氏菌病广泛流行，对家猪构成重要威胁。相比之下，野生反刍动物不是家畜布鲁氏菌病的重要储存宿主。
