Palot A, Charpin-Kadouch C, Dumon H, Charpin D
Service de pneumologie-allergologie, hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrelly, 13015 Marseille, France.
Rev Mal Respir. 2010 Feb;27(2):180-7. doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2009.09.006. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
Mouldy surfaces are encountered in up to 20 % of dwellings. Because this indoor air contamination is so widespread, respiratory physicians should be aware of its effects on health and especially of its impact on respiratory diseases.
The air contaminants within mouldy dwellings are very diverse. Therefore, a given heath effect cannot be attributed specifically to an individual contaminant. In the field of respiratory diseases, excluding asthma and allergy, long-term exposure to indoor moulds has been recognized as a risk factor for both ENT and bronchial symptoms. Hydrophilic moulds seem to have a larger health impact than other mould species. Among respiratory diseases, inhalation fever and, to a lesser extent, childhood respiratory infections are linked to exposure to moulds. In contrast, the relationship between exposure to indoor moulds and diseases such as sinusitis, mucous irritation syndrome, recurrent respiratory infections in adults, COPD and pulmonary haemorrhage has not been clearly established.
There are still many scientific uncertainties in this field. However, the authorities are becoming more active in dealing with unhealthy buildings and encouraging research.
The health impact of mouldy dwellings represents a major public health issue. It needs incentives from institutions and financial support as well as the involvement of many specialists.
高达20%的住宅存在发霉表面。由于这种室内空气污染非常普遍，呼吸内科医生应了解其对健康的影响，尤其是对呼吸道疾病的影响。
发霉住宅中的空气污染物种类繁多。因此，特定的健康影响不能具体归因于某一种污染物。在呼吸道疾病领域，除哮喘和过敏外，长期接触室内霉菌已被认为是耳鼻喉和支气管症状的危险因素。亲水霉菌似乎比其他霉菌种类对健康的影响更大。在呼吸道疾病中，吸入性发热以及在较小程度上儿童呼吸道感染与接触霉菌有关。相比之下，接触室内霉菌与鼻窦炎、粘液刺激综合征、成人反复呼吸道感染、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和肺出血等疾病之间的关系尚未明确确立。
该领域仍存在许多科学不确定性。然而，当局在处理不健康建筑和鼓励研究方面正变得更加积极。
发霉住宅对健康的影响是一个重大的公共卫生问题。它需要机构的激励、财政支持以及众多专家的参与。
