Laboratoire de Psychologie Santé et Qualité de vie EA 4139, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 3 ter Place de la Victoire, 33 076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011 Jan-Feb;52(1):46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2010.01.019. Epub 2010 Mar 5.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of aging, depressive symptoms and preference for routine on metamemory. Twenty-eight young adults (of mean age=20.7 years) and 28 older adults (68.5 years) completed the metamemory in adulthood (MIA) scale for assessing various metamemory dimensions. Compared with young adults, older adults used more external strategy. They used more internal strategy but only those with high depressive symptoms or high routinization. Older adults also reported a less efficient memory than young adults, showing less capacity and more change. In addition, depressive symptoms influenced many MIA subscales: participants with high depressive symptoms reported more external strategy use, less capacity, more change and less locus than participants with low depressive symptoms. Finally, highly routinized participants reported more use of external strategy and experienced more anxiety about memory. These results confirm the impact of aging on metamemory and show that an increase in depressive symptoms even without a depressive state and routinization also influences metamemory. This study shows the need to consider variables that modify memory perception during aging.
本研究旨在探讨年龄、抑郁症状和对常规的偏好对元记忆的影响。28 名年轻成年人（平均年龄=20.7 岁）和 28 名老年人（68.5 岁）完成了成人元记忆评估量表（MIA），以评估各种元记忆维度。与年轻成年人相比，老年人更多地使用外部策略。他们更多地使用内部策略，但只有那些有高抑郁症状或高常规化的老年人。老年人还报告说他们的记忆效率不如年轻成年人，表现为容量较小、变化较大。此外，抑郁症状影响了许多 MIA 子量表：与低抑郁症状的参与者相比，高抑郁症状的参与者报告说更多地使用外部策略、容量较小、变化较大和记忆地点较少。最后，高度常规化的参与者报告说更多地使用外部策略，并对记忆感到更多焦虑。这些结果证实了年龄对元记忆的影响，并表明即使没有抑郁状态和常规化，抑郁症状的增加也会影响元记忆。这项研究表明，在衰老过程中需要考虑改变记忆感知的变量。
