Bouazzaoui Badiâa, Isingrini Michel, Fay Séverine, Angel Lucie, Vanneste Sandrine, Clarys David, Taconnat Laurence
Université François-Rabelais de Tours, France.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2010 Sep;135(1):59-66. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.05.007. Epub 2010 Jun 8.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of advanced age on self-reported internal and external memory strategy uses, and whether this effect can be predicted by executive functioning. A sample of 194 participants aged 21 to 80 divided into three age groups (21-40, 41-60, 61-80) completed the two strategy scales of the Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) questionnaire, differentiating between internal and external everyday memory strategy uses, and three tests of executive functioning. The results showed that: (1) the use of external memory strategies increased with age, whereas use of internal memory strategy decreased; (2) executive functioning appeared to be related only to internal strategies, the participants who reported the greatest use of internal strategies having the highest executive level; and (3) executive functioning accounted for a sizeable proportion of the age-related variance in internal strategy use. These findings suggest that older adults preferentially use external memory strategies to cope with everyday memory impairment due to aging. They also support the view that the age-related decrease in the implementation of internal memory strategies can be explained by the executive hypothesis of cognitive aging. This result parallels those observed using objective laboratory memory strategy measures and then supports the validity of self-reported memory strategy questionnaire.
本研究旨在探讨高龄对自我报告的内部和外部记忆策略使用的影响，以及这种影响是否可以通过执行功能来预测。194名年龄在21岁至80岁之间的参与者被分为三个年龄组（21 - 40岁、41 - 60岁、61 - 80岁），他们完成了《成人元记忆问卷》（MIA）的两个策略量表，以区分日常内部和外部记忆策略的使用情况，并完成了三项执行功能测试。结果表明：（1）外部记忆策略的使用随年龄增长而增加，而内部记忆策略的使用则减少；（2）执行功能似乎仅与内部策略相关，报告使用内部策略最多的参与者执行水平最高；（3）执行功能在内部策略使用中与年龄相关的差异中占相当大的比例。这些发现表明，老年人优先使用外部记忆策略来应对因衰老导致的日常记忆损伤。它们还支持这样一种观点，即与年龄相关的内部记忆策略实施减少可以用认知衰老的执行假说（executive hypothesis）来解释。这一结果与使用客观实验室记忆策略测量方法所观察到的结果相似，进而支持了自我报告记忆策略问卷的有效性。
