Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India.
Int J Infect Dis. 2010 Aug;14(8):e682-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.11.016. Epub 2010 Mar 6.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the aerobic microbe Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv. Despite the availability of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS), TB is a leading cause of death and affects a third of the world's population. The most important factor associated with disease severity is the development of antibiotic-resistant strains, including multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB. In order to understand disease pathogenesis, it is necessary to delineate the specific features of M. tuberculosis that enable it to evade the host defense system and contribute to its virulence. Here, we have reviewed the various characteristics, such as cell wall components, virulence genes, and the role of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) in the pathogenesis of TB. GTPases are known to play a crucial role in the survival and pathogenesis of various pathogens. The key role of these proteins involves interference in phagosome maturation arrest, enabling pathogens to survive by escaping from lysozymes and toxic free radicals. This observation provides a new avenue for the development of anti-TB drugs.
结核病（TB）是一种由需氧微生物结核分枝杆菌 H(37)Rv 引起的传染病。尽管有卡介苗（BCG）疫苗和直接观察治疗短期疗程（DOTS），但结核病仍然是导致死亡的主要原因之一，影响了世界上三分之一的人口。与疾病严重程度最相关的最重要因素是抗生素耐药菌株的发展，包括耐多药（MDR）-TB 和广泛耐药（XDR）-TB。为了了解疾病的发病机制，有必要描绘使结核分枝杆菌能够逃避宿主防御系统并有助于其毒力的特定特征。在这里，我们综述了细胞壁成分、毒力基因以及小 GTP 酶在结核病发病机制中的作用等各种特征。众所周知，GTP 酶在各种病原体的存活和发病机制中起着至关重要的作用。这些蛋白质的关键作用涉及干扰吞噬体成熟的停滞，使病原体通过逃避溶菌酶和有毒自由基而存活。这一观察为开发抗结核药物提供了新途径。
