Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1100, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2010 Jun;95(4):390-400. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.02.017. Epub 2010 Mar 6.
Psychosocial stressors are known to alter ingestion of ethanol in humans and experimental animals. We evaluated the effect of novel acute stressors on ethanol ingestion of male triad-housed rats. Based on behavioral and body weight assessments triad members were designated as dominant, subdominant or subordinate rats, housed in triads designated as aggressive or non-aggressive triads. The triad-housed, and a group of single-housed rats, were sequentially subjected to three stressors (novel open field arena, elevated plus maze, and modified resident-intruder test) at 1-2 week intervals. Ethanol intake was measured for 21-h before and after each stressor. Prior to stressor exposure, ethanol intake of the triad-housed rats was higher than that of single-housed rats. In triads overall intake of ethanol was lower in dominant compared to non-dominant rats. The modified resident-intruder test decreased ethanol intake in non-dominant rats in aggressive triads, but increased its intake in non-aggressive triads. Since in non-dominant rats this stressor also increased ethanol preference but not total fluid intake, its effect on ethanol intake was specific. In non-dominant rats ethanol intake and preference declined after the elevated plus maze stressor, without an effect on total fluid intake, but water intake was increased only in the subdominant rats. Compared to triad-housed rats, single-housed rats were more resilient to the novel stressors. It can be concluded that novel acute stressors have specific effects on ethanol intake that are dependent on the subject's psychosocial stress level.
心理社会应激源已知会改变人类和实验动物对乙醇的摄入。我们评估了新的急性应激源对雄性三联体饲养大鼠乙醇摄入的影响。根据行为和体重评估，将三联体成员指定为优势、亚优势或从属大鼠，并将其安置在被指定为攻击或非攻击三联体的三联体中。将三联体饲养的大鼠和一组独居大鼠依次在 1-2 周的时间间隔内接受三种应激源（新开阔场竞技场、高架十字迷宫和改良的居住者-入侵者测试）。在每个应激源之前和之后测量 21 小时的乙醇摄入量。在应激源暴露之前，三联体饲养的大鼠的乙醇摄入量高于独居大鼠。在整个三联体中，与非优势大鼠相比，优势大鼠的乙醇总摄入量较低。改良的居住者-入侵者测试降低了攻击性三联体中非优势大鼠的乙醇摄入量，但增加了非攻击性三联体中的乙醇摄入量。由于这种应激源也增加了非优势大鼠的乙醇偏好而不是总液体摄入量，因此它对乙醇摄入量的影响是特异性的。在非优势大鼠中，乙醇摄入量和偏好在高架十字迷宫应激源后下降，而对总液体摄入量没有影响，但仅在亚优势大鼠中增加了水的摄入量。与三联体饲养的大鼠相比，独居大鼠对新的应激源更有弹性。可以得出结论，新的急性应激源对乙醇摄入有特定的影响，这取决于受试者的心理社会应激水平。
