Division of Physical Sciences and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2010 Apr 13;368(1916):1539-46. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0021.
Turbulence is a supermixer. Turbulent mixing has immense consequences for physical phenomena spanning astrophysical to atomistic scales under both high- and low-energy-density conditions. It influences thermonuclear fusion in inertial and magnetic confinement systems; governs dynamics of supernovae, accretion disks and explosions; dominates stellar convection, planetary interiors and mantle-lithosphere tectonics; affects premixed and non-premixed combustion; controls standard turbulent flows (wall-bounded and free-subsonic, supersonic as well as hypersonic); as well as atmospheric and oceanic phenomena (which themselves have important effects on climate). In most of these circumstances, the mixing phenomena are driven by non-equilibrium dynamics. While each article in this collection dwells on a specific problem, the purpose here is to seek a few unified themes amongst diverse phenomena.
湍流是一种超级混合器。无论是在高能密度还是低能密度条件下，湍流混合对跨越天体物理到原子尺度的各种物理现象都有着巨大的影响。它影响惯性约束和磁约束系统中的热核聚变；控制超新星、吸积盘和爆炸的动力学；主导恒星对流、行星内部和地幔-岩石圈构造；影响预混和非预混燃烧；控制标准湍流（壁面限制和自由亚音速、超音速以及高超音速）；以及大气和海洋现象（它们本身对气候也有重要影响）。在大多数情况下，混合现象是由非平衡动力学驱动的。虽然本集中的每一篇文章都专注于一个具体的问题，但这里的目的是在各种现象中寻找一些统一的主题。
