Kruysse H W
Unit of Experimental Psychology/Centre for Safety Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
Accid Anal Prev. 1991 Feb;23(1):53-65. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(91)90035-4.
Earlier studies concerning subjective judgement of filmed traffic conflicts demonstrated an internal construct of dangerousness. In the present study, two experiments were carried out to investigate the construct further. Since several conflict observation techniques incorporate the impetuosity of an evasive action during a conflict, the relation between inpetuosity and dangerousness was investigated. Although the impetusoity of a conflict predicts the dangerousness of a conflict rather well, it was concluded that the information underlying the judgements differed. In the second experiment the same filmed conflicts were partitioned into a commencement and a manoeuvre stage and judged on a scale of dangerousness. By relating the judgements of the different stages and the overall judgements, the information of relevance for the construct was examined. The results showed that the last part of the conflict, the part that contains most information about the minimal Time to Collision and about the Minimal Distance is of no relevance for judging the dangerousness of a conflict. It was concluded that the construct of dangerousness is based on information contained by the commencement of a convergence and by the onset of an evasive action. Finally, a conjunctive model, explaining the contribution of the two stages to the decision making process, is presented.
早期有关对拍摄的交通冲突进行主观判断的研究表明存在一种危险的内部结构。在本研究中，进行了两项实验以进一步探究该结构。由于几种冲突观察技术纳入了冲突期间规避动作的冲动性，因此对冲动性与危险性之间的关系进行了研究。尽管冲突的冲动性对冲突的危险性预测得相当好，但得出的结论是判断所依据的信息有所不同。在第二项实验中，将相同的拍摄冲突划分为起始阶段和操作阶段，并按危险程度进行评判。通过关联不同阶段的评判和整体评判，研究了与该结构相关的信息。结果表明，冲突的最后部分，即包含有关最小碰撞时间和最小距离的最多信息的部分，对于判断冲突的危险性并无关联。得出的结论是，危险性结构基于会合起始阶段和规避动作开始时所包含的信息。最后，提出了一个联合模型，解释了这两个阶段对决策过程的贡献。
