Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University (Qurwa), Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 Jun;24(4):1148-57. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.03.001. Epub 2010 Mar 7.
Fenitrothion, endosulfan and abamectin are insecticides that affect various organs in humans and animals. The present study was conducted to investigate their cytotoxicity in isolated male rat hepatocytes. The study suggests that incubation of hepatocytes with 10 or 100 microM of each insecticide for 2h significantly decreased the cell viability. Increased leakage percentage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotranferase (AST) were detected in hepatocytes due to the same dose of insecticide exposure confirmed membrane damage of hepatocytes. Fenitrothion (100 microM) increased the cellular lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels more than the other insecticides. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidise (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were decreased by fenitrothion incubation more than endosulfan and abamectin. The same treatment reduced the level of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and increased the level of LPO. The activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were more affected by fenitrothion and endosulfan, respectively, indicating an oxidative stress. There was negative correlation coefficient among GSH, GST and gamma-GT. A significant correlation was also found between gamma-GT and cell viability. The present study revealed that fenitrothion showed varying pathological signs depending on the dose; high dose caused marked damage of isolated hepatocytes in the oxidative and antioxidant parameters. Endosulfan induced cell membrane damage of the hepatocytes more than abamectin and fenitrothion as indicated by increasing the leakage percentages of LDH, ALT, AST and gamma-GT. Therefore, hepatotoxicity of insecticides increased in a time and dose-dependent manner and depended on the class of the insecticide.
杀螟松、硫丹和阿维菌素是影响人类和动物各种器官的杀虫剂。本研究旨在研究它们对离体雄性大鼠肝细胞的细胞毒性。研究表明，用 10 或 100μM 的每种杀虫剂孵育 2 小时，显著降低了细胞活力。由于相同剂量的杀虫剂暴露，检测到乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT) 和天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST) 的漏出百分比增加，证实了肝细胞的膜损伤。杀螟松 (100μM) 引起的细胞脂质过氧化 (LPO) 水平升高比其他杀虫剂更为明显。抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px) 和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GST) 的活性在杀螟松孵育后比硫丹和阿维菌素降低得更多。相同的处理降低了抗氧化谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 的水平并增加了 LPO 的水平。谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GST) 和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶 (γ-GT) 的活性分别受到杀螟松和硫丹的影响更大，表明存在氧化应激。GSH、GST 和γ-GT 之间存在负相关系数。γ-GT 与细胞活力之间也存在显著相关性。本研究表明，杀螟松表现出不同的病理迹象，取决于剂量；高剂量导致分离的肝细胞在氧化和抗氧化参数方面发生明显损伤。硫丹引起的肝细胞细胞膜损伤比阿维菌素和杀螟松更为严重，这表明 LDH、ALT、AST 和γ-GT 的漏出百分比增加。因此，杀虫剂的肝毒性呈时间和剂量依赖性增加，并且取决于杀虫剂的类别。
