Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1493, USA.
Menopause. 2010 May-Jun;17(3):587-93. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181cb85d3.
The risk of heart disease increases significantly in women after menopause mostly because of estrogen deficiency. Soy protein, a good source of isoflavones that are known to bind estrogen receptors, has also been promoted as a dietary means for reducing the risk of heart disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of soy protein consumption on heart disease risk in postmenopausal women.
Moderately hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to consume soy or control foods daily for 1 year. Serum samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein (Apo) A, and Apo B. Sixty-two women completed the study.
There was a trend for total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels to increase after 1 year of soy protein supplementation (230.04 +/- 6.1 vs 242.57 +/- 6.2 mg/dL, P < 0.1, and 56.87 +/- 2.5 vs 60.33 +/- 2.5 mg/dL, P < 0.1, respectively). There were no significant differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride levels; however, a significant increase in Apo B levels (105.5 +/- 5.9 vs 120.21 +/- 5.9 mg/dL; P = 0.002) and a significant decrease in Apo A levels (189.36 +/- 10 vs 173.21 +/- 10 mg/dL; P = 0.009) were seen.
Our data indicate that 1-year soy protein supplementation did not confer cardiovascular benefits, in terms of favorable alterations in the lipid profile, in this cohort of postmenopausal women. These findings, as well as those from other studies, lend credence to the decision of the Food and Drug Administration to reevaluate the soy protein health claim issued a decade ago.
女性绝经后心脏病风险显著增加，主要是由于雌激素缺乏。大豆蛋白是一种富含异黄酮的优质来源，异黄酮已知可以与雌激素受体结合，也被宣传为降低心脏病风险的饮食手段。本研究旨在探讨大豆蛋白摄入对绝经后妇女心脏病风险的影响。
将中度高胆固醇血症的绝经后妇女随机分配每天食用大豆或对照食品，持续 1 年。分析血清样本中的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白（Apo）A 和 Apo B。62 名妇女完成了这项研究。
在大豆蛋白补充 1 年后，总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平呈上升趋势（230.04 ± 6.1 与 242.57 ± 6.2 mg/dL，P < 0.1，56.87 ± 2.5 与 60.33 ± 2.5 mg/dL，P < 0.1）。低密度脂蛋白胆固醇或甘油三酯水平无显著差异；然而，Apo B 水平显著升高（105.5 ± 5.9 与 120.21 ± 5.9 mg/dL；P = 0.002），Apo A 水平显著降低（189.36 ± 10 与 173.21 ± 10 mg/dL；P = 0.009）。
我们的数据表明，在这组绝经后妇女中，1 年的大豆蛋白补充并没有带来心血管益处，即血脂谱的有利改变。这些发现以及其他研究的结果，为食品和药物管理局重新评估 10 年前发布的大豆蛋白健康声明提供了依据。
