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营养调控胰岛素分泌和β细胞功能完整性。

Nutrient regulation of insulin secretion and beta-cell functional integrity.

机构信息

School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Conway Institute, UCD Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.

出版信息

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;654:91-114. doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_6.

Abstract

Pancreatic beta-cells are often referred to as "fuel sensors" as they continually monitor and respond to dietary nutrients, under the modulation of additional neurohormonal signals, in order to secrete insulin to best meet the needs of the organism. beta-cell nutrient sensing requires metabolic activation, resulting in production of stimulus-secretion coupling signals that promote insulin biosynthesis and release. The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is glucose, and islet beta-cells are particularly responsive to this important nutrient secretagogue, It is important to consider individual effects of different classes of nutrient or other physiological or pharmacological agents on metabolism and insulin secretion. However, given that beta-cells are continually exposed to a complex milieu of nutrients and other circulating factors, it is important to also acknowledge and examine the interplay between glucose metabolism and that of the two other primary nutrient classes, the amino acids and fatty acids. It is the mixed nutrient sensing and outputs of glucose, amino and fatty acid metabolism that generate the metabolic coupling factors (MCFs) involved in signaling for insulin exocytosis. Primary MCFs in the beta-cell include ATP, NADPH, glutamate, long chain acyl-CoA and diacylglycerol and are discussed in detail in this article.

摘要

胰腺β细胞通常被称为“燃料传感器”,因为它们不断监测和响应膳食营养素,同时受其他神经激素信号的调节,以分泌胰岛素来最好地满足机体的需要。β细胞的营养感应需要代谢激活,导致产生刺激-分泌偶联信号,促进胰岛素的生物合成和释放。胰岛素分泌的主要刺激物是葡萄糖,胰岛β细胞对这种重要的营养分泌素特别敏感。重要的是要考虑不同类别的营养素或其他生理或药理学制剂对代谢和胰岛素分泌的个体影响。然而,鉴于β细胞不断暴露于复杂的营养物质和其他循环因子环境中,也有必要承认并检查葡萄糖代谢与另外两种主要营养物质类别(氨基酸和脂肪酸)之间的相互作用。正是混合营养感应和葡萄糖、氨基酸和脂肪酸代谢的输出产生了参与胰岛素胞吐作用信号的代谢偶联因子(MCFs)。β细胞中的主要 MCF 包括 ATP、NADPH、谷氨酸、长链酰基辅酶 A 和二酰基甘油,本文对此进行了详细讨论。

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