Miyazawa Takayuki
Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
Uirusu. 2009 Dec;59(2):223-42. doi: 10.2222/jsv.59.223.
Diseases caused by animal retroviruses have been recognized since 19th century in veterinary field. Most livestock and companion animals have own retroviruses. To disclose the receptors for these retroviruses will be useful for understanding retroviral pathogenesis, developments of anti-retroviral drugs and vectors for human and animal gene therapies. Of retroviruses in veterinary field, receptors for the following viruses have been identified; equine infectious anemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus subgroups A, B, C, and T, Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, enzootic nasal tumor virus, avian leukosis virus subgroups A, B, C, D, E, and J, reticuloendotheliosis virus, RD-114 virus (a feline endogenous retrovirus), and porcine endogenous retrovirus subgroup A. Primate lentiviruses require two molecules (CD4 and chemokine receptors such as CXCR4) as receptors. Likewise, feline immunodeficiency virus also requires two molecules, i.e., CD134 (an activation marker of CD4 T cells) and CXCR4 in infection. Gammaretroviruses utilize multi-spanning transmembrane proteins, most of which are transporters of amino acids, vitamins and inorganic ions. Betaretroviruses and alpharetroviruses utilize transmembrane and/or GPI-anchored proteins as receptors. In this review, I overviewed receptors for animal retroviruses in veterinary field.
自19世纪起，兽医领域就已认识到由动物逆转录病毒引起的疾病。大多数家畜和伴侣动物都有自身的逆转录病毒。揭示这些逆转录病毒的受体有助于理解逆转录病毒的发病机制、开发抗逆转录病毒药物以及用于人类和动物基因治疗的载体。在兽医领域的逆转录病毒中，已鉴定出以下病毒的受体：马传染性贫血病毒、猫免疫缺陷病毒、猫白血病病毒A、B、C和T亚群、绵羊肺腺瘤病毒、地方性鼻肿瘤病毒、禽白血病病毒A、B、C、D、E和J亚群、网状内皮组织增生症病毒、RD - 114病毒（一种猫内源性逆转录病毒）以及猪内源性逆转录病毒A亚群。灵长类慢病毒需要两种分子（CD4和趋化因子受体如CXCR4）作为受体。同样，猫免疫缺陷病毒在感染时也需要两种分子，即CD134（CD4 T细胞的激活标志物）和CXCR4。γ逆转录病毒利用多次跨膜蛋白，其中大多数是氨基酸、维生素和无机离子的转运蛋白。β逆转录病毒和α逆转录病毒利用跨膜和/或糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定蛋白作为受体。在这篇综述中，我概述了兽医领域动物逆转录病毒的受体。
