Darcel C
Palliser Animal Health Laboratories Ltd, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
Vet Res Commun. 1996;20(1):83-108. doi: 10.1007/BF00346580.
Diseases caused by lymphoid leukosis virus (LLV), a retrovirus, take a long time after infection to develop and have a wide variety of pathological manifestations. This long latent period is characteristic of 'persistent virus infections'. Disease produced by LLV infection and its underlying mechanisms is compared with 'persistent' infections caused by other retroviruses in birds and mammals of veterinary importance. The diseases considered for comparison are those caused by reticuloendotheliosis, feline leukaemia, bovine leukosis and equine infectious anaemia viruses. There are significant changes in the immunological status in all diseases caused by these viruses. LLV infections follow this trend with, in manifestations of neoplastic disease, a perturbation of the normal switch that occurs from IgM to IgG synthesis. There are also indications of other immunological disturbances. Factors other than immunological disturbances may contribute to the length of time after infection required for the many forms of LLV infection to appear. Such additional factors may include the operation of 'biological clocks', such as the arrival of sexual maturity, and also the very nature of retroviruses. These factors, like the immunological changes, play major roles in the maintenance and progression of persistent retrovirus infections.
由逆转录病毒淋巴白血病病毒（LLV）引起的疾病，在感染后需要很长时间才会显现，并且有各种各样的病理表现。这种漫长的潜伏期是“持续性病毒感染”的特征。将LLV感染所产生的疾病及其潜在机制与禽类和具有兽医重要性的哺乳动物中其他逆转录病毒引起的“持续性”感染进行比较。用于比较的疾病是由网状内皮组织增生症、猫白血病、牛白血病和马传染性贫血病毒引起的疾病。这些病毒引起的所有疾病的免疫状态都有显著变化。LLV感染也遵循这一趋势，在肿瘤性疾病的表现中，正常的从IgM合成到IgG合成的转换受到干扰。也有其他免疫紊乱的迹象。除免疫紊乱外的其他因素可能导致多种形式的LLV感染出现所需的感染后时间长度。这些额外因素可能包括“生物钟”的作用，如性成熟的到来，以及逆转录病毒的本质。这些因素与免疫变化一样，在持续性逆转录病毒感染的维持和进展中起主要作用。
