Lyytinen P
Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Child Care Health Dev. 1991 Jan-Feb;17(1):9-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1991.tb00675.x.
The developmental trends in pretend play were investigated in children 2-6 years of age (18 in each of five age groups) by examining changes in pretend action and speech separately. Play behaviour was assessed by using a selected set of Duplo Lego toys. Interest focused on occurrence of decentration, decontextualization and integration at different age levels. The proportions of decentred and decontextualized acts, action integrations and play themes, increased linearly with age. Changes in substitutive and inventive actions were, however, more minor than expected. Single-scheme combinations did not reveal any essential aspect of the development of children's symbolic competence. In this sense, multischeme combinations were more important in revealing the children's way of organizing toy material. Linear age trends were not found for language measures. The use of decentred utterances, language integrations and linguistically expressed themes were individual-specific rather than age-related. Issues for studying pretend play in language-impaired groups are also suggested.
通过分别研究假装动作和言语的变化，对2至6岁儿童（五个年龄组每组18名）的假装游戏发展趋势进行了调查。使用一组选定的得宝乐高玩具对游戏行为进行评估。研究重点是不同年龄水平上去中心化、脱离情境化和整合的出现情况。去中心化和脱离情境化行为、动作整合及游戏主题的比例随年龄呈线性增加。然而，替代和创造性动作的变化比预期的要小。单方案组合并未揭示儿童符号能力发展的任何关键方面。从这个意义上说，多方案组合在揭示儿童组织玩具材料的方式上更为重要。在语言测量方面未发现线性年龄趋势。使用去中心化话语、语言整合及语言表达的主题是个体特异性的，而非与年龄相关。还提出了研究语言障碍群体中假装游戏的相关问题。
