Marechal P Y, Henriet F, Bodson B
Gembloux Agricultural University (FUSAGx), Unité de Phytotechnie des Régions Tempérées, Passage des Déportés 2, BE-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2009;74(2):497-504.
Black-grass is a common grass weed, widely spread in Northern Europe and also in Belgium. For ages, it has been an increasing problem in industrial crops, especially winter cereals. The first case of resistance in Belgium was reported in 1996 by Robert Bulcke (Eelen et al., 1996). Yet the resistance mechanism was not specified. Since then, no more information was published about the evolution Belgium, while research continued in the United Kingdom and in France. Moreover, during the last decade, progress in molecular biology allowed to highlight the mechanism of target-site resistance. A simple PCR method allows to detect the mutation conferring resistance to herbicide. After two years of resistance monitoring in Belgium, mostly in the Walloon part, some populations have been clearly identified as highly resistant to ACCase inhibitor. These populations have been tested by molecular biology so as to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) involved in this case. The method employed was the Polymerase Chain Reaction Allele Specific Assays (PASA: Délye, 2002a) for the mutation Ile-1781-Leu that confers a target-site resistance to ACCase inhibitors. Those analyses were performed on plant material issued from bioassays, either in glasshouses or in Petri dishes. Leaves have been collected from plants which survived a fenoxaprop-P treatment applied in a glasshouse single dose assay. Seedlings from resistant populations grown in Petri dishes containing either fenoxaprop-P or cycloxydim provided the second type of sample. Ile1781 mutants were discovered within three populations. Each mutant plant was heterozygote. Five of those samples have been sequenced to confirm PASA results and everyone was matching. Moreover, they were all issued from Petri dishes containing cycloxydim, known to be unaffected by enhanced metabolism, confirming that theses populations are indeed target-site resistant.
黑麦草是一种常见的禾本科杂草，广泛分布于北欧以及比利时。长期以来，它在经济作物尤其是冬季谷物中造成的问题日益严重。1996年，罗伯特·布尔克（埃伦等人，1996年）报道了比利时出现的首例抗药性案例。然而，当时并未明确抗药机制。自那时起，比利时国内未再发布有关其抗药性演变的更多信息，而英国和法国的相关研究仍在继续。此外，在过去十年中，分子生物学的进展使人们能够阐明靶标位点抗药机制。一种简单的聚合酶链式反应（PCR）方法可用于检测赋予除草剂抗性的突变。在比利时进行了两年的抗药性监测后，主要是在瓦隆地区，一些种群已被明确鉴定为对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACCase）抑制剂具有高度抗性。这些种群已通过分子生物学方法进行检测，以确定在此案例中涉及的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。所采用的方法是针对赋予对ACCase抑制剂靶标位点抗性的Ile-1781-Leu突变的聚合酶链式反应等位基因特异性检测（PASA：德莱，2002年a）。这些分析是对温室或培养皿生物测定中获得的植物材料进行的。叶片取自温室单剂量试验中经精恶唑禾草灵处理后存活的植株。在含有精恶唑禾草灵或环苯草酮的培养皿中生长的抗性种群的幼苗提供了第二类样本。在三个种群中发现了Ile1781突变体。每个突变植株都是杂合子。其中五个样本已进行测序以确认PASA结果，且结果均相符。此外，它们均取自含有环苯草酮的培养皿，已知环苯草酮不受代谢增强的影响，这证实了这些种群确实是靶标位点抗性。
