Madsen L P
Randers Centralsygehus, paediatrisk afdeling.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1991 Apr 8;153(15):1037-40.
In Denmark 11-30 children and infants are killed every year in car accidents. In this country, there is no legislation concerning children under 3 years as car passengers, in spite of the fact that child restraints have proved effective in reducing the morbidity and mortality. Legislation concerning seat belts and chairs may reduce the frequency of injury and death by at least 25% and by 50% in children under one year. Children and infants are not "small adults" and require specially designed restraints. Only 83% use safety-chairs and belts, and in 63-74% the devices are incorrectly used. This reduces the effectiveness seriously and may even, per se, injure the children. The restraint systems (baby chair, child seat, cushion, belt and seat) are described together with the correct use and the possibilities for misuse. The use of rearfacing infant chairs on the back-seat for children under 4 years of age is recommended. Prevention by further information, legislation, rental programs, reduced taxes and a new design of seats is discussed. Profylactic information concerning the correct use of child restraint devices given by the family's general practitioner, is recommended.
在丹麦，每年有11至30名儿童和婴儿死于车祸。在这个国家，尽管儿童约束装置已被证明在降低发病率和死亡率方面有效，但却没有关于3岁以下儿童乘车的立法。关于安全带和座椅的立法可将一岁以下儿童的受伤和死亡频率至少降低25%，降低50%。儿童和婴儿不是“小大人”，需要专门设计的约束装置。只有83%的人使用安全座椅和安全带，且在63%至74%的情况下，这些装置使用不当。这严重降低了其有效性，甚至本身可能会伤害儿童。文中描述了约束系统（婴儿椅、儿童座椅、靠垫、安全带和座椅）以及正确的使用方法和误用的可能性。建议4岁以下儿童在后座使用后向婴儿椅。文中讨论了通过进一步宣传、立法、租赁计划、减税和座椅新设计来进行预防。建议家庭全科医生提供有关正确使用儿童约束装置的预防性信息。
