Corner B D, Richtsmeier J T
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1991 Mar;84(3):323-42. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330840308.
The present study was undertaken to provide a quantitative description of craniofacial growth in Cebus apella in three dimensions. Landmarks from a cross-sectional sample of sexed and dentally aged crania were collected using a 3Space digitizer. Two methods of three-dimensional form analysis, euclidian distance matrix analysis (EDMA) and finite-element scaling analysis (FESA), were used to investigate growth changes in the cranium. Male and female growth was examined by comparing the youngest male mean form to all other age/sex specific mean forms. In addition, form differences between the sexes were studied by comparing male and female mean forms at each age. The cranium was divided into four regions for analysis: muzzle, upper face, neurocranium, and basicranium. Growth changes within each region were examined. In the muzzle and neurocranium, most growth occurs along the anteroposterior axis. Growth around pterion and the lower orbital rim is prominent within the upper face. The basicranium shows a surprisingly large amount of form change with growth. This form change is due to the mediolateral expansion of the basioccipital, and to the posterior migration and inferior rotation of basion. Males and females have similar growth patterns, but males tend to be larger than females in nearly all dimensions at every developmental age except the youngest. Evidence suggests that craniofacial sexual dimorphism is primarily due to males growing faster than females for approximately the same amount of time.
本研究旨在对僧帽猴的颅面生长进行三维定量描述。使用3Space数字化仪从按性别和牙齿年龄分类的颅骨横断面样本中采集地标点。采用两种三维形态分析方法，即欧几里得距离矩阵分析（EDMA）和有限元比例分析（FESA），来研究颅骨的生长变化。通过比较最年轻男性的平均形态与所有其他年龄/性别特定的平均形态，来研究男性和女性的生长情况。此外，通过比较各年龄组的男性和女性平均形态，研究两性之间的形态差异。将颅骨分为四个区域进行分析：口鼻部、上面部、脑颅和颅底。研究了每个区域内的生长变化。在口鼻部和脑颅中，大多数生长沿前后轴发生。上面部翼点和眶下缘周围的生长较为显著。颅底随着生长显示出惊人的大量形态变化。这种形态变化是由于枕骨基部的内外侧扩张，以及颅底点的向后迁移和向下旋转。男性和女性具有相似的生长模式，但除最年轻者外，在每个发育年龄的几乎所有维度上，男性往往比女性更大。有证据表明，颅面两性异形主要是由于男性在大致相同的时间内比女性生长得更快。
