Heuzé Yann, Kawasaki Kazuhiko, Schwarz Tobias, Schoenebeck Jeffrey J, Richtsmeier Joan T
UMR5199 PACEA, Bordeaux Archaeological Sciences Cluster of Excellence, Université De Bordeaux.
Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2016 Dec;299(12):1616-1630. doi: 10.1002/ar.23449.
The zygomatic bone is derived evolutionarily from the orbital series. In most modern mammals the zygomatic bone forms a large part of the face and usually serves as a bridge that connects the facial skeleton to the neurocranium. Our aim is to provide information on the contribution of the zygomatic bone to variation in midfacial protrusion using three samples; humans, domesticated dogs, and monkeys. In each case, variation in midface protrusion is a heritable trait produced by one of three classes of transmission: localized dysmorphology associated with single gene dysfunction, selective breeding, or long-term evolution from a common ancestor. We hypothesize that the shape of the zygomatic bone reflects its role in stabilizing the connection between facial skeleton and neurocranium and consequently, changes in facial protrusion are more strongly reflected by the maxilla and premaxilla. Our geometric morphometric analyses support our hypothesis suggesting that the shape of the zygomatic bone has less to do with facial protrusion. By morphometrically dissecting the zygomatic bone we have determined a degree of modularity among parts of the midfacial skeleton suggesting that these components have the ability to vary independently and thus can evolve differentially. From these purely morphometric data, we propose that the neural crest cells that are fated to contribute to the zygomatic bone experience developmental cues that distinguish them from the maxilla and premaxilla. The spatiotemporal and molecular identity of the cues that impart zygoma progenitors with their identity remains an open question that will require alternative data sets. Anat Rec, 299:1616-1630, 2016. © 2016 The Authors The Anatomical Record Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
颧骨在进化上源自眶骨系列。在大多数现代哺乳动物中，颧骨构成面部的很大一部分，通常作为连接面部骨骼和脑颅的桥梁。我们的目的是利用人类、家养犬和猴子这三个样本，提供有关颧骨对中面部突出度变化所起作用的信息。在每种情况下，中面部突出度的变化都是由三种遗传类型之一产生的可遗传性状：与单基因功能障碍相关的局部畸形、选择性育种或从共同祖先的长期进化。我们假设颧骨的形状反映了其在稳定面部骨骼和脑颅之间连接方面的作用，因此，面部突出度的变化在更大程度上由上颌骨和前颌骨反映出来。我们的几何形态测量分析支持了我们的假设，表明颧骨的形状与面部突出度关系较小。通过形态测量分析颧骨，我们确定了中面部骨骼各部分之间的模块化程度，这表明这些组成部分有能力独立变化，因此可以有差异地进化。根据这些纯粹的形态测量数据，我们提出，注定要形成颧骨的神经嵴细胞会经历一些发育线索，这些线索将它们与上颌骨和前颌骨区分开来。赋予颧骨祖细胞其特征的线索的时空和分子特性仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，这需要其他数据集来解答。《解剖学记录》，299:1616 - 1630，2016年。© 2016作者。《解剖学记录》由威利期刊公司出版。
