Bentur Y, McGuigan M, Koren G
Israel Poison Information Center, Rambam Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa.
Drug Saf. 1991 Jan-Feb;6(1):37-46. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199106010-00004.
Iron is an essential element for body homoeostasis, but there is no effective mechanism for elimination of an excess of this mineral. Deferoxamine (desferrioxamine) is currently the treatment of choice for iron overload states from both acute iron intoxication and transfusion-dependent anaemias. The pharmacokinetics of deferoxamine are confounded both by its ability to chelate endogenous and exogenous iron and by the laboratory techniques used for its determination. Its iron-complex (ferrioxamine) has different pharmacokinetic properties. Because of its effectiveness, the use of deferoxamine is becoming more common, involving long term and high dose regimens. As a result of this, more and more toxicities that were not known in the past have been described and characterised. The most serious of these include hypotension, renal insufficiency, neurotoxicity, growth retardation and opportunistic infections: some of these side effects may be attributed to or aggravated by ferrioxamine. The pharmacological and toxicological literature on deferoxamine, and possible mechanisms for its toxicity, are reviewed and discussed.
铁是机体稳态的必需元素，但目前尚无有效机制来清除过量的这种矿物质。去铁胺（去铁草酰胺）是目前治疗急性铁中毒和输血依赖型贫血所致铁过载状态的首选药物。去铁胺的药代动力学因其螯合内源性和外源性铁的能力以及用于测定它的实验室技术而变得复杂。其铁络合物（铁胺）具有不同的药代动力学特性。由于其有效性，去铁胺的使用越来越普遍，涉及长期和高剂量方案。因此，越来越多过去未知的毒性已被描述和表征。其中最严重的包括低血压、肾功能不全、神经毒性、生长发育迟缓以及机会性感染：这些副作用中的一些可能归因于铁胺或因铁胺而加重。本文对去铁胺的药理和毒理学文献及其可能的毒性机制进行了综述和讨论。
