Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Biol Psychol. 2010 Jul;84(3):497-513. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.008. Epub 2010 Mar 16.
Although compensatory strategies can offset regulatory losses that occur in later adulthood, they often break down under conditions of over-activation. Two emotion regulation tasks examined compensatory effects related to attachment classification (AC). Study 1 examined emotional Stroop performance in young (17-39) and old adults (60-89). Among the elder, participants with dismissing AC showed increased response times (RTs) for anger and fear words, whereas participants with secure AC showed increased RTs for joy words. Participants with anxious AC responded slowest overall. In Study 2, heart rate (HR) was monitored while adult (25-82) mother-daughter pairs discussed three emotion events (conflict, neutral, happy). During conflict discussion, older dismissing women had highest initial HR and slowest recovery, whereas anxious older women had lowest initial HR and fastest recovery. Results suggest that in old age protective functions of dismissing AC break down under over-activation, whereas anxious AC may serve a protective role.
尽管补偿策略可以弥补成年后期发生的监管损失，但它们在过度激活的情况下往往会失效。有两项情绪调节任务考察了与依恋分类（AC）相关的补偿效应。研究 1 考察了年轻（17-39 岁）和老年（60-89 岁）成年人的情绪 Stroop 表现。在老年人中，具有回避 AC 的参与者对愤怒和恐惧词的反应时间（RT）增加，而具有安全 AC 的参与者对喜悦词的 RT 增加。具有焦虑 AC 的参与者总体反应最慢。在研究 2 中，当成年（25-82 岁）母女对三个情绪事件（冲突、中性、快乐）进行讨论时，监测了心率（HR）。在冲突讨论中，年龄较大的回避女性最初的 HR 最高，恢复最慢，而年龄较大的焦虑女性最初的 HR 最低，恢复最快。结果表明，在老年时期，回避 AC 的保护功能在过度激活下失效，而焦虑 AC 可能起到保护作用。
