Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente (Water and Environmental Engineering Institute), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 May 15;408(12):2576-89. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.037. Epub 2010 Mar 20.
The Manzanares River, located in Madrid (Spain), is the main water supplier of a highly populated region, and it also receives wastewater from the same area. The effluents of eight Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) downstream of the river, which represent 90% of the flow in the middle and lower parts of the river, are the primary sources of water pollution. Although the situation has improved slightly in the last two years, the water in the river is highly polluted, making it uninhabitable for aquatic life. Water quality modelling is typically used to assess the effect of treatment improvements in water bodies. In this work, the GESCAL module of the Aquatool Decision Support System Shell was used to simulate water quality in the Manzanares River. GESCAL is appropriate for modelling in an integrated way water quality for whole water resources systems, including reservoirs and rivers. A model was built that simulates conductivity, phosphorous, carbonaceous organic matter, dissolved oxygen, organic nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrates. The period from October 2006 to September 2008 was selected for calibration due to the many treatment modifications that occurred during this time. An earlier and longer period, from October 2000 to September 2006, was used for validation. In addition, a daily model was used to analyse the robustness of the GESCAL model. Once the GESCAL model was validated, different scenarios were considered and simulated. First, different combinations of nutrient elimination among the different WWTPs were simulated, leading to the conclusion that investments have to focus on three of the proposed WWTPs. Moreover, these treatments will not be sufficient to maintain fish habitat conditions at all times. Additional measures, such as the increment of the flow in the river or oxygen injection, were simulated. Incrementing the flow of the Manzanares River has been shown to be an efficient means of increasing water quality, but this implies an increment in the risk of water scarcity situations in the Madrid water supply system.
曼萨纳雷斯河位于西班牙马德里，是一个人口稠密地区的主要供水水源，同时也接收该地区的废水。该河流中下游的 8 座污水处理厂（WWTP）的废水是河水主要的污染源，占该河流流量的 90%。尽管在过去两年中情况略有改善，但河水污染仍十分严重，水生生物无法生存。水质建模通常用于评估水体处理改进的效果。在这项工作中，使用 Aquatool 决策支持系统外壳的 GESCAL 模块来模拟曼萨纳雷斯河的水质。GESCAL 适用于综合模拟整个水资源系统（包括水库和河流）的水质。建立了一个模型来模拟电导率、磷、碳质有机物、溶解氧、有机氮、氨和硝酸盐。选择 2006 年 10 月至 2008 年 9 月作为校准期，因为在此期间发生了许多处理改进。使用更早和更长的时间（2000 年 10 月至 2006 年 9 月）进行验证。此外，还使用每日模型分析 GESCAL 模型的稳健性。在验证了 GESCAL 模型后，考虑并模拟了不同的方案。首先，模拟了不同 WWTP 之间的养分去除的不同组合，得出的结论是投资必须集中在三个提议的 WWTP 上。此外，这些处理措施并不足以始终维持鱼类栖息地的条件。还模拟了其他措施，如增加河流流量或注入氧气。增加曼萨纳雷斯河的流量已被证明是提高水质的有效手段，但这意味着马德里供水系统缺水情况的风险会增加。
