Chromatin Structure and Epigenetic Mechanisms Unit, Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2010 Jun;22(3):392-402. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.02.005. Epub 2010 Mar 19.
The centromere is perhaps the most iconic feature on a eukaryotic chromosome. An amateur enthusiast equipped with a light microscope can easily identify the center of each metacentric chromosome, marking the spot responsible for accurate genome segregation. This review will highlight findings that provide novel insights into how centromeres are assembled and disassembled, the role centromeric proteins play in repair, epigenetic features uniquely found at the centromere, and the three dimensional organization of centromeres caught in the act of mitosis. These advances have unveiled a veritable wonderland of non-canonical features that drive centromere function.
着丝粒可能是真核染色体上最具标志性的特征。一个配备了光学显微镜的业余爱好者可以很容易地识别每个中央着丝粒染色体的中心,标记负责准确基因组分离的位置。这篇综述将重点介绍一些发现,这些发现为着丝粒的组装和拆卸方式、着丝粒蛋白在修复中的作用、在着丝粒处特有的表观遗传特征以及在有丝分裂过程中被捕获的着丝粒的三维组织提供了新的见解。这些进展揭示了一个名副其实的非典型特征的仙境,推动着丝粒的功能。