Department of Psychology, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
Health Educ Res. 2010 Oct;25(5):709-23. doi: 10.1093/her/cyq015. Epub 2010 Mar 19.
A field experiment tested whether instruction design improves accurate adherence to instructions for medical do-it-yourself tests like the Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT). As part of an outreach campaign, 16,073 participants received FOBTs with instructions that were (i) human factored, (ii) motivational, (iii) human factored/motivational combined, or (iv) the standard used in the past. Among all test results returned (N = 2483), only the human factors instructions reduced errors in filling out result cards. However, after post-validating result cards that had errors, the human-factored, motivational and merged instructions reduced errors. The present findings show that medical instructions designed with human factors and persuasion principles increase accurate adherence. These design principles provide simple and cost-effective ways to increase test taking accuracy and FOBT effectiveness. Better screening instructions can improve the chances of detecting colorectal cancer early, which may help to decrease cancer mortality.
一项现场试验测试了指令设计是否能提高医疗自测试（例如粪便潜血试验）的准确性。作为外展活动的一部分，16073 名参与者接受了带有以下说明的粪便潜血试验：（i）符合人类认知规律，（ii）具有激励性，（iii）符合人类认知规律且具有激励性，或（iv）过去使用的标准。在所有返回的测试结果（N=2483）中，只有符合人类认知规律的说明可以减少填写结果卡时的错误。但是，在对有错误的结果卡进行后验证后，符合人类认知规律、具有激励性和合并的说明可以减少错误。本研究结果表明，采用人类认知规律和说服原则设计的医疗说明可以提高准确性。这些设计原则提供了简单且具有成本效益的方法，可以提高测试的准确性和粪便潜血试验的效果。更好的筛查说明可以提高早期发现结直肠癌的机会，这可能有助于降低癌症死亡率。
