CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2010 Apr;38(4):403-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.029.
Diabetes can be prevented or delayed in high-risk adults through lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, moderate-intensity exercise, and modest weight loss. However, the extent to which U.S. adults with prediabetes are making lifestyle changes consistent with reducing risk is unknown.
This study aimed to study lifestyle changes consistent with reducing diabetes risk and factors associated with their adoption among adults with prediabetes.
In 2009, data were analyzed from 1402 adults aged > or =20 years without diabetes who participated in the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and had valid fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests. The extent to which adults with prediabetes report that in the past year they tried to control or lose weight, reduced the amount of fat or calories in their diet, or increased physical activity or exercise was estimated and factors associated with the adoption of these behaviors were examined.
Almost 30% of the U.S. adult population had prediabetes in 2005-2006, but only 7.3% (95% CI=5.5%, 9.2%) were aware they had it. About half of adults with prediabetes reported performing diabetes risk reduction behaviors in the past year, but only about one third of adults with prediabetes had received healthcare provider advice about these behaviors in the past year. In multivariate analyses, provider advice, female gender, and being overweight or obese were positively associated with all three risk reduction behaviors.
Adoption of risk reduction behaviors among U.S. adults with prediabetes is suboptimal. Efforts to improve awareness of prediabetes, increase promotion of healthy behaviors, and improve availability of evidence-based lifestyle programs are needed to slow the growth in new cases of diabetes.
通过生活方式的改变，包括饮食变化、中等强度的运动和适度的体重减轻，可以预防或延缓高危成年人的糖尿病发生。然而，患有前驱糖尿病的美国成年人在多大程度上做出了与降低风险一致的生活方式改变尚不清楚。
本研究旨在研究与降低糖尿病风险一致的生活方式改变，以及与前驱糖尿病成年人采用这些改变相关的因素。
2009 年，分析了 2005-2006 年参加全国健康和营养调查且空腹血糖和口服葡萄糖耐量试验均有效的 1402 名年龄≥20 岁、无糖尿病的成年人的数据。估计了患有前驱糖尿病的成年人报告在过去一年中试图控制或减轻体重、减少饮食中的脂肪或卡路里量、或增加体力活动或运动的程度，并检查了与采用这些行为相关的因素。
2005-2006 年，美国成年人中约有 30%患有前驱糖尿病，但只有 7.3%（95%CI=5.5%，9.2%）意识到自己患有前驱糖尿病。约一半的前驱糖尿病成年人报告在过去一年中采取了降低糖尿病风险的行为，但只有约三分之一的前驱糖尿病成年人在过去一年中收到过关于这些行为的医疗保健提供者的建议。在多变量分析中，提供者的建议、女性性别以及超重或肥胖与所有三种降低风险的行为均呈正相关。
美国前驱糖尿病成年人采用降低风险的行为不理想。需要努力提高对前驱糖尿病的认识、增加对健康行为的推广，并改善基于证据的生活方式方案的可及性，以减缓新的糖尿病病例的增长。
