Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, 915 Olentangy River Road, Suite 4000, Columbus, Ohio 43212, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2010 Mar;127(3):1624-35. doi: 10.1121/1.3298435.
The ability to recognize speech involves sensory, perceptual, and cognitive processes. For much of the history of speech perception research, investigators have focused on the first and third of these, asking how much and what kinds of sensory information are used by normal and impaired listeners, as well as how effective amounts of that information are altered by "top-down" cognitive processes. This experiment focused on perceptual processes, asking what accounts for how the sensory information in the speech signal gets organized. Two types of speech signals processed to remove properties that could be considered traditional acoustic cues (amplitude envelopes and sine wave replicas) were presented to 100 listeners in five groups: native English-speaking (L1) adults, 7-, 5-, and 3-year-olds, and native Mandarin-speaking adults who were excellent second-language (L2) users of English. The L2 adults performed more poorly than L1 adults with both kinds of signals. Children performed more poorly than L1 adults but showed disproportionately better performance for the sine waves than for the amplitude envelopes compared to both groups of adults. Sentence context had similar effects across groups, so variability in recognition was attributed to differences in perceptual organization of the sensory information, presumed to arise from native language experience.
识别言语的能力涉及感觉、知觉和认知过程。在言语感知研究的大部分历史中，研究人员一直关注前两个过程，他们在询问正常和受损的听众使用了多少以及何种类型的感觉信息，以及“自上而下”的认知过程对这些信息的有效性有何影响。本实验重点关注知觉过程，旨在了解言语信号中的感觉信息是如何组织起来的。将两种经过处理以去除可能被视为传统声学线索（幅度包络和正弦波副本）的言语信号呈现给五组 100 名听众：以英语为母语的（L1）成年人、7 岁、5 岁和 3 岁的儿童以及母语为普通话且英语为优秀第二语言（L2）使用者的成年人。L2 成年人在这两种信号上的表现都不如 L1 成年人。儿童的表现不如 L1 成年人，但与两组成年人相比，他们对正弦波的表现明显好于对幅度包络的表现。句子语境对所有组都有类似的影响，因此识别的可变性归因于对感觉信息的知觉组织的差异，这种差异被认为是来自母语经验。
