The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Schwarz, Dr Charron-Prochownik)
The Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (Dr Sobota).
Diabetes Educ. 2010 May-Jun;36(3):489-94. doi: 10.1177/0145721710365171. Epub 2010 Mar 23.
The purpose of this study was to assess beliefs, perceived access to, and practices regarding contraception among adolescent women with type 1 diabetes.
Eighty-nine females with type 1 diabetes between the ages of 13 and 19 years, who were recruited from 2 endocrinology practices as part of a larger study, completed a battery of questionnaires designed to assess variables relevant to discussions of sexuality, preconception counseling, contraception, and pregnancy. In addition, items were designed to explore adolescents' relationship with their health care provider and comfort requesting birth control. Baseline data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Half of the sexually active adolescents in this sample reported having had sex without birth control at a time they were trying to avoid pregnancy. A third (36%) of subjects felt that women with diabetes have very limited choices of birth control, and 43% incorrectly believe that all birth control methods are less effective when used by women with diabetes. Less than half (47%) reported that they had discussed birth control with a health care professional, and 29% of subjects reported they had not received formal instruction on birth control in any setting. Perhaps of greatest concern, only 69% stated they would feel comfortable asking a professional for birth control.
Many adolescent women with diabetes are at risk of unintended pregnancy and do not feel comfortable asking a health professional for birth control. Diabetes educators who initiate preconception counseling at puberty and discuss contraceptive options with adolescent women with diabetes may improve pregnancy outcomes.
本研究旨在评估青少年女性 1 型糖尿病患者对避孕的信念、感知获取途径和实践情况。
本研究从 2 个内分泌科诊所招募了 89 名年龄在 13 至 19 岁之间的 1 型糖尿病女性，作为更大规模研究的一部分，她们完成了一套旨在评估与性行为讨论、受孕前咨询、避孕和妊娠相关变量的问卷。此外，还设计了一些项目来探索青少年与他们的医疗服务提供者的关系，以及请求避孕的舒适度。使用描述性统计方法对基线数据进行分析。
在这个样本中，有一半的有性行为的青少年报告说，在他们试图避免怀孕的时期，曾无避孕措施发生性行为。三分之一（36%）的受试者认为糖尿病女性的避孕选择非常有限，而 43%的人错误地认为所有的避孕方法在糖尿病女性使用时都不太有效。不到一半（47%）的人报告说他们曾与医疗保健专业人员讨论过避孕问题，而 29%的受试者报告说他们在任何环境中都没有接受过关于避孕的正式指导。也许最令人担忧的是，只有 69%的人表示他们会感到舒适地向专业人士寻求避孕。
许多患有糖尿病的青春期女性都有意外怀孕的风险，而且她们感到不舒适地向医疗专业人员寻求避孕。在青春期开始受孕前咨询，并与患有糖尿病的青春期女性讨论避孕选择的糖尿病教育者，可能会改善妊娠结局。
