Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco, Camino de Rioseco 1225, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
Heredity (Edinb). 2010 Dec;105(6):511-9. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2010.30. Epub 2010 Mar 24.
In this study, we show how Y-specific interspersed multilocus microsatellites, which are loci that yield several amplified bands differing in size from the same male individual and PCR reaction, are a powerful source of information for tracing the history of cattle. Our results confirm the existence of three main groups of sires, which are separated by evolutionary time and clearly predate domestication. These three groups are consistent with the haplogroups previously identified by Götherström et al. (2005) using five Y-specific segregating sites: Y1 and Y2 in taurine (Bos taurus) cattle and Y3 in zebu (Bos indicus) cattle. The zebu cattle cluster clearly originates from a domestication process that was geographically and temporally separated from that of taurine clusters. Our analyses further suggest that: (i) introgression of wild sire genetic material into domesticated herds may have a significant role in the formation of modern cattle, including the formation of the Y1 haplogroup; (ii) a putative domestication event in Africa probably included local Y2-like wild sires; (iii) the West African zebu cattle Y-chromosome may have partially originated from an ancient introgression of humped cattle into Africa; and (iv) the high genetic similarity among Asian zebu sires is consistent with a single domestication process.
在这项研究中，我们展示了 Y 染色体特异性散布的多位点微卫星（这些位点在来自同一雄性个体和 PCR 反应的多个扩增带中产生大小不同的扩增带）是追踪牛群历史的有力信息来源。我们的结果证实了存在三个主要的父本群体，它们通过进化时间分开，并且明显早于驯化。这三个群体与 Götherström 等人（2005 年）使用五个 Y 染色体分离位点（在牛属动物中的 Y1 和 Y2 以及在印度野牛中的 Y3）确定的单倍群一致。显然，印度野牛聚类起源于与牛属聚类在地理和时间上分开的驯化过程。我们的分析进一步表明：（i）野生父本遗传物质的渗入可能在现代牛群的形成中起着重要作用，包括 Y1 单倍群的形成；（ii）非洲可能发生了一次假定的驯化事件，包括当地的 Y2 样野生父本；（iii）西非瘤牛的 Y 染色体可能部分源自古代瘤牛向非洲的渗透；（iv）亚洲瘤牛父本之间的高度遗传相似性与单一的驯化过程一致。
